1

2 63 rd International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Executive Council Meeting, 7 th Asian Regional Conference And Irrigation Australia th June, 2012 Adelaide, Australia

3 ON-FARM VALIDATION AND ASSESMENT OF WATER PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CAUVERY COMMAND AREA - KARNATAKA, INDIA RAMANAGOWDA, P., KRISHNA MURTHY, N, AND SURESH NAIK, K.P. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK campus, Bengaluru , India

4 Background India has the 5101 irrigation dams, Of which 390 are under completion. Karnataka state has two major river basins namely Cauvery and Krishna command supporting in irrigation for crops. In Cauvery command area rice, sugarcane, pulses, oilseeds and other plantation crops are cultivated. The problem are loss of water between the head and delivery to an extent of 40 per cent and the unscientific water usage in cultivating the crop. Resulting in very low water productivity and net irrigated area limited to 60 per cent.

5 Karnataka Agriculture  Karnataka state is one among Five southern states of India comprising of 10 Agro-Climatic Zones (ACZ)  The ACZ wise area shows that there are only class II, class III and class IV lands totaling to m ha are available for agriculture production to 4.64 m.ha land available for non agriculture production  The major area of 41 percent is available under class III followed by class IV - 23 percent and class II -19 percent for agricultural use inclusive of rainfed and irrigated agriculture representing 70 percent and 30 percent respectively

6 Fig. 1: River Basin in Karnataka

7 Table.1: Agriculture Zone-wise total Geo. area, Gross cropped area, Net cropped area and Gross irrigated area in Karnataka Zone No. & NameTotal Geographical Area Gross Cropped Area Gross Irrigated Area 1. North Eastern Transition Zone North Eastern Dry Zone Northern Dry Zone Central Dry Zone Eastern Dry Zone Southern Dry Zone Southern Transition Zone Northern Transition Zone Hilly Zone Coastal Zone State Total Unit: Area in Hectares

8 Sl. No.River System Estimated Annual average yield in M.cumTMC % 1Krishna27, Cauvery12, Godavari1, West Flowing river56, North Pennar & South Pennar TOTAL Table.2:WATER RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA

9 HYPOTHESIS  Conveying large amount of water in open canals and providing to fields through field channels has poor conveyance efficiency, soil erosion due to high velocity of water, difficulties in measurement as well as recurrent mantainance problems.  The high cost involved in water storage and irrigation, losses (seepage, percolation, evaporations, and transpiration loss by weeds) to be minimized from per cent to ensure high water productivity.

10 LOCATION  The location was Goravanahalli, Maddur taluk, Mandya district, Cauvery command, Karnataka.  The local practice of letting the water in open canals and cultivating rice and other crops  The study involving supply of water through pipes from main canal to the field with several gate vales to regulate the water supply to individual crops and fields.  The various crops tested were rice with scientific water management practices, (need based irrigation) in terms of time and quantity have been fallowed.

Krishna Raja Sagar (1944) 11

Virija Anicut Project in Cauvery Sub-Basin 12

Main canal without water Main canal with water

Irrigation through pipes SESAME MULBERRY RAGI

FORAGERICE SUGARCAN E

On-farm Installation of main and sub pipes

17 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  The total length of pipe line laid was 1500 meters coasted Rs.8 lakhs. This worked out to be Rs per farmer, resulting in saving of water valuing of Rs per cropping season while an amount of Rs per hectare was the unit cost of pipe and accessories.  The payback period of the total investment made on the pipes may be 6-7 year. Under normal usage, life expectancy of the pipes ranges from 12 to15 years. The effect of the modern and scientific method of water management in most of the tested crop were ranging from 25 to 30 per cent.  Above all the indirect benefits such as retaining the good health of soil and reduced cost of cultivation thereby increasing productivity per drop of water. This study clearly indicated that there is possibility of doubling the water productivity across crops season and location.

18 Conclusion  The various crops tested under this study of piped water supply were sugarcane, Rice, ragi, mulberry and fodder crops could save irrigation water to an extent ranging from per cent, it was worked out by the saved water of 975 cm through piped water could irrigate the additional crop area to an extent of 15.6 hectare of ragi or 6 hectare of aerobic rice or 3.6 hectare of sugarcane.  Besides the modern and scientific method of water management among the tested crops were ranging from per cent higher yield this study clearly indication that there is possibilities of doubling the water productivity across the crops, season and locations.  The overall saving in the investment and maintenance of canal, gates etc are the benefits and the overall life span of pipe and other accessories one time investment and life span of ten years without any maintenance.  Based on the findings a pilot project at Haveri district in lift irrigation project from Varada river by providing piped water for irrigation has resulted a high water productivity under participatory mode  Based on the present finding the government of Karnataka has initiated the supply of irrigation water through pipes in all the major and minor irrigation command areas

19 Fig. 2 : large scale cultivation of Rice under piped water supply

20 Fig. 3 : Public-Private Participatory Development

21 Fig. 4: Bottom up approach for development

22 DHANYAWADHA (THANK YOU) STORE, SAVE WATER FOR FUTURE

23 Contact for further information: