Drugs 1 Drugs

What you will learn about Drugs 2 What you will learn about in this topic: What drugs are Why people take them Doping The effects of taking drugs in sport Banned substances

Drugs 3 Learning objectives By the end of this presentation you should be able to: Understand the effects of different drugs used illegally in sport Describe why sportspeople take drugs Explain what doping is

Why sports performers take drugs: To recover from injury more quickly or to mask pain Desire to be the best at all costs; winning brings financial rewards Making the most of a short sporting life Better results lead to better sponsors and endorsement contracts Influenced by others Willing to risk cheating for public acclaim The will to win overrides moral conscience Desire to meet expectations of others Natural ability isn’t good enough

Drugs 5 Drugs A drug is any chemical substance you take that affects the way your body works. Most drugs are developed for medical purposes, but…

…doping means taking drugs to improve sporting performance. It is a growing problem in sport.

Performance-enhancing drugs Anabolic agents are the most commonly used drugs in sport. They mimic testosterone, a male hormone. Examples of this drug include: testosterone, nandrolone, stanozolol, boldenone and clenbuterol. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCSfCINnszE

Increases strength, allowing the athlete to train harder Drugs 8 Effects can include: Increases muscle mass Develops bone growth Increases strength, allowing the athlete to train harder Has a quick effect so there is rapid improvement

Increases aggression, so seen as good for competitive contact sports Drugs 9 Increases aggression, so seen as good for competitive contact sports Prevents muscle wastage Are an aid to rehabilitation.

Side-effects can include: Kidney problems Mood swings Anxiety Drugs 10 Side-effects can include: Kidney problems Mood swings Anxiety Aggression http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj3De6s3ZjQ

High blood pressure Heart attacks Strokes Impotence in men Drugs 11 High blood pressure Heart attacks Strokes Impotence in men Infertility, deepened voice, increased facial hair and irregular periods in women.

Drugs 12 There is also an increased risk of muscle injury and liver disease when anabolic agents are injected into the blood stream. Recent research by the NIDA (National Institute for Drug Abuse) indicates long-term users show signs of addiction.

Winning at all costs: is it worth it? Drugs 13 Winning at all costs: is it worth it? Dwain Chambers suffered a two-year ban for taking anabolic steroids. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxidHmRnUc4&feature=related

Stimulants are the second most commonly used drugs in sports. Examples of these drugs include: amphetamines, ephedrine, cocaine and caffeine.

Reduces feelings of tiredness so a person can train for longer. Drugs 15 Effects can include: Reduces feelings of tiredness so a person can train for longer. Stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) making people more alert.

Side-effects can include: Drugs 16 Side-effects can include: User becomes irritable and is unable to sleep. High blood pressure Irregular and faster heartbeat. Some stimulants, such as amphetamines, are addictive.

Drugs 17 Narcotic analgesics are addictive drugs and are usually injected into the blood stream. Examples of these drugs include: heroin, methadone, pethidine, morphine and codeine.

Masks pain so athlete is back from injury sooner. Drugs 18 Effects can include: Reduces the sensation of the central nervous system (CNS) so helps pain relief. Masks pain so athlete is back from injury sooner. Side-effects can include: Loss of concentration. Loss of balance.

Side-effects can include: Loss of concentration. Loss of balance. Drugs 19 Side-effects can include: Loss of concentration. Loss of balance. Loss of coordination making sport dangerous. Using these drugs can make an injury worse. They are also highly addictive.

Drugs 20 Diuretics are drugs which increase the rate of water loss from the body. Examples of these drugs include: furosemide, triamterene and chlortalidone. Mannitol is prohibited in sport if intravenously injected.

Drugs 21 Effects can include: Speeds up work of kidneys by producing more urine. This reduces fluid retention, which causes rapid weight loss. Diuretics are used in sports where there are weight categories. Sportspeople use diuretics to ‘make the weight’.

Side-effects can include: Dehydration and possibly dizziness. Drugs 22 Side-effects can include: Dehydration and possibly dizziness. Muscle cramps. Headaches, nausea and fatigue. Kidney illness can develop.

Drugs 23 Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues are synthetic substances that copy natural hormones in the body. Examples of these drugs include: Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and erythropoietin (EPO).

Drugs 24 HGH acts like an anabolic steroid. It develops muscle, makes the body use fat and helps reduce tiredness. An athlete who has taken HGH recovers from injury more quickly, as it increases red blood cells. HGH also speeds up training, helping the endurance athlete.

Drugs 25 EPO promotes the production of red blood cells and therefore increases the amount of oxygen the blood can transport at any one time. More oxygen is provided to the muscles which allows the athlete to work longer and harder. EPO thickens the blood, inhibiting circulation, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke.

Spanish cyclist Eladio Jimenez (34) has been banned for two years for doping with the blood-boosting hormone EPO. The International Cycling Union says the suspension was imposed by Spain’s national federation, which also fined him. $11,000. Jimenez failed a doping test after winning Stage 6 of the Tour of Portugal for the CC Loule team in August 2009.  

Beta-blockers are used as a relaxant. Drugs 26 Beta-blockers are used as a relaxant. Examples of this drug include atenolol and nodolol. Some beta-blockers are available on prescription to treat angina and have a similar effect to alcohol.

Drugs 27 Their use is subject to certain restrictions in some sports and banned completely in others. Effects can include: Users maintain a slow heart rate and low blood pressure which is useful in tense situations. Their calming effect also helps in high-risk sports where speed is involved.

Drugs 28 They steady the hand, which is important to competitors in target sports. However, they can reduce the heart rate so much that there is a danger that the heart may stop.

Kim Jong Su, a silver and bronze medalist in beijing 2008 olympics Kim Jong Su, a silver and bronze medalist in beijing 2008 olympics. Kim jong competed in shooting for North Korea. Kim used propranolol, a drug that has been known to quell tremors. Obviously, this would offer quite an advantage in shooting. Kim has been stripped of his medals.

Drugs 29 Masking agents are taken to hide the presence of another drug, which would otherwise disqualify the performer. Examples of this drug include epitestosterone, probenecid and diuretics.

Drugs 30 Some masking agents do not appear on the list of banned substances for particular sports, so their presence is legal.

Drugs 31 Task 1 If an athlete tests positive for a banned drug, they can face a ban from their sport for at least two years. With a partner, research into current athletes who have been connected to drugs.

Task 2 Copy and complete the following table in your workbook: Drugs 32 Task 2 Copy and complete the following table in your workbook: Substance What do they do? What are the dangers? Examples Stimulants Narcotic analgesics Anabolic steroids Teacher’s notes STIMULANTS: What do they do? – reduce feelings of fatigue and increase alertness. What are the dangers? – irritability and inability to sleep, high blood pressure. Example - amphetamines. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS: What do they do? – relieve pain. What are the dangers? – mask pain, which can lead to serious injury before the athlete realises, loss of coordination. Examples – heroin, morphine. ANABOLIC STEROIDS: What do they do? – build muscle mass, develop bone growth, increase strength. What are the dangers? – impotency, aggressive behaviour, anxiety, mood swings. Examples – testosterone, nandralone.

Drugs 33 Task 3 Design an A4 poster with a slogan for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to use in a campaign against drug abuse in sport.

Drugs 34 Exam questions What effects would a sportsperson experience in their performance if they used stimulants? Which sportspeople are more likely to use beta-blockers? Provide examples. Teacher’s notes Q1 Reduced feelings of fatigue and increased alertness. Q2 Pentathletes, marksmen, archers and darts players.

What you have learnt in this topic: Drugs 35 What you have learnt in this topic: What drugs are Why people take them Doping The effects of taking drugs in sport Banned substances

Learning objectives You should now be able to: Drugs 36 Learning objectives You should now be able to: Understand the effects of different drugs used illegally in sport Describe why sportspeople take drugs Explain what doping is