Starter: Complete this image

Inequality in Brazil Task: Describe photographs A and B. Would you rather live in a home looking at area A or B? Why?

Consequences of rapid urbanisation LO: To understand why people migrate to the city To understand the consequences of the movement

5 Rio de Janerio North East Human Development index Human development index is a composite development indicator including: GDP, Literacy rate and life expectancy

Rio de Janeiro The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1,182.3 square kilometres, is about 6,100,000. The population of the greater metropolitan area is estimated at 11–13.5 million. It was Brazil’s capital until 1960, when Brasília took its place. Why such a high population density? Natural Increase is one reason for its growth - birth rate is higher than death rate. The population has also grown as the result of urbanisation (the growth of urban areas at the expense of rural areas). This has been caused by rural to urban migration. Millions of people have migrated from Brazil's rural areas to Rio. In Rio 65% of urban growth is a result of migration. This is caused by a variety of push and pull factors.

Why do people migrate? Push Pull

Why do people migrate? Push Pull PUSH PULL Reasons why people want to move away from a place Reasons why people want to move to a place

Push factors From Rural Brazil

Pull factors

Recap… Push factors? food shortages due to recent poor harvests deserts expanding so less land available for crop growing unreliable rains due to climate change so poorer grassland for livestock lack of employment opportunities; poor health including high rates of disease low life expectancy, high child and maternal mortality; lack of education opportunities after age 14 the belief shared by many that life here will always be the same or could even get worse Pull Factors? availability of greater range of employment, higher rates of pay, larger companies who could offer promotion in the future education opportunities for young people, including universities and secondary school better hospital and clinic facilities for safer childbirth, child health and, in case of accidents, better links with the rest of the world access to new technology attraction of a more modern, more exciting life the belief that life in the city offers a better future, especially for their children, and greater opportunities for families

Should I stay or should I go? Sertao- rural area in NE Brazil Rochina, shanty town in Rio Gabriela 1. Information about the Sertão 2. Things that will make it hard for her to move the distance to Rio (barriers) 3. Reasons why Gabriela should move to the favela (shanty town) of Rochina

Should I stay or should I go? You will be given a set of cards about Gabriela. She lives in North East Brazil, the country’s poorest region. The region has some good land and a few resources but where Gabriela lives life is hard. It is called the sertão,which means semi-arid land. Gabriela has a big decision to make – should she move to the big city of Rio de Janeiro or should she stay where she is? She has had very little education or training so her chances of getting a job or housing are not good. However, she wants to give her children the chance of an education. Look at your cards and sort them into these piles: Information about the sertão Things that will make it hard for her to move the distance to Rio (barriers) Reasons why Gabriela should move to the favela (shanty town) of Rochina

Should I stay or should I go?

Half the world live in cities Fast growing. Every day the total number of people living in cities and towns goes up by 200,000. Housing. The world would need to build an extra house per second to keep up. Squatters. 1 in 6 people in the world are squatters.

World: land area Brazil UK USA

World: population Land area

World: slum growth Population

World: poverty* Slum growth * Living on less than the equivalent of $10 per day

Worldwide phenomenon Nairobi Rio Mumbai

Did you know???????? In 2009, about 35 per cent of Brazil’s population lived in slums, about 50 million people. In Kenya, 79.2 per cent of the population lived in slums – 41,595,000 people. A special report by the BBC described Kibera as ‘Six hundred acres of mud and filth, with a brown stream dribbling down the middle. You won’t find it on a tourist or any other map. It’s a squatter’s camp – an illegal, forgotten city – and at least one third of Nairobi lives here.’

Contrasts in Rio de Janeiro hU hU Make notes on what the 2 areas are like…. Facts about RioPoor RioWealthier Rio (Barra)

What are shanty towns like? The conditions in shanty towns are very bad: Often you will find: · No fresh water · No toilet facilities · No schools · No healthcare · Lots of diseases · Lots of rubbish · Roads not tarred · Poorly paid jobs

What are the houses like? The houses are often built on land that is unsuitable housing - marshes, on steep hills and near airports and motorways. They are often illegal and made by people who migrate from the countryside. The houses are made up of: · Corrugated iron · Plastic · Wood · Bin bags · Broken bricks · Anything people can find

Why do people live in favelas? Lack of alternative housing for the working class There is no welfare (benefits) system People seek better paid jobs in the city People have friends or family connections inside the favela The ‘bright lights’ of the city attract people There are many shops in favelas (In Rochina there are 6000!) Task: Place the reasons in order of importance in driving people to live in favelas (most important at the top) Most important Least important Extension: What type of jobs do you think people who live in favelas work in? Why?

Life in favelas Task: Using information from the pictures and the video clip we have already watched...Create a mind map on what life is like in the favelas. Life in Favelas Extension: Explain how a favela may benefit the city it is in.

Geographical skill: annotating a sketch to explain the issues

TASK In pairs, write a role play in pairs arguing on behalf of each person. It should be a conversation/debate. Prepare to share! Rio de Janeiro City Council wants to demolish a favela on the hillside near to Copacabana beach. Antonio owns a tourist hotel close to the beach. He is also a City Councillor and deals with sanitation and the police. Mrs Santos is a charity worker who works in the favela. She has been helping people to make small but important improvements to their living conditions for the last 12 years. The big issue!

Plenary postcard: Life in a favela TASK Pretend you have visited or live in a favela. Write a postcard to a friend to describe and explain what it is like here. I will be able to describe the inequality that exists in Brazil I should be able to explain how this inequality has been created I will be able to link my life to that of a child living in a favela in Rio de Janeiro

Favelas issues and the 2014 Rio World Cup

Risky places What are the risks? Physical and environmental Economic Social Political What are the risks? Physical and environmental Economic Social Political