Amines and Amides

Amines An ammonia molecule in which one or more H-atoms are substituted by alkyl or aromatic groups Naming: Amino + alkane name OR Alkyl group + amine

Naming 2˚ and 3˚ Amines Find the largest carbon chain, add “amino + parent alkane” or “ alkyl groups + amine” N- prefix used for the substituted groups on the nitrogen atom Alkyl groups are listed alphabetically N,N-dimethyl-2-aminopropane

Properties of Amines N-C, and N-H polar bonds (hydrogen bonding) H-bonding occurs but N-H is less polar than O-H

Synthesizing Amines from Alkyl Halides Alkyl halide + ammonia --> 1˚ amine + HX Alkyl halide + 1˚ amine --> 2˚ amine + HX Alkyl halide + 2˚ amine --> 3˚ amine + HX

Synthesizing Amines from Alkyl Halides

Amides Similar to esters, except N instead of O Recall: Carboxylic acids + alcohols --> esters + water Carboxylic acids + ammonia/1˚/2˚ amines--> amides + water

Naming Amides 1st part is the name is from the amine 2nd part is the ending of the acid name changed from -oic to - amide Alphabetical order with N- groups N-ethyl propanamide

Summary