The Knee Joint Deb Risler Jennifer White Fran Moore

What Type of Joint is the Knee? 1. The knee joint, also known as the tibiofemoral joint is primarily a hinge joint.

2.The femur, tibia and the patella articulate to form the tibiofemoral (knee) joint

The Normal Range of Flexion and Extension 3. The knee can usually extend to 180 degrees and move from there to about 140 degrees of flexion

Q-Angle 4.The angle at the patella formed by the intersection of the line of pull of quadriceps with the line of pull of the patella tendon

Ligaments Within the Knee 5.The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament cross within the knee between the tibia and femur

Menisci 15. Menisci are located in the knee to absorb shock and prevent friction

Femoral Nerve 9. If injury of the Femoral Nerve occurred, Knee Extension would be affected

Knee Movements and Planes Flexion is the action of bending a joint, such as your knee or elbow. The opposite motion is extension, which is the act of straightening a joint, such as the knee when you are standing 7. Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane

Knee Movements and Planes Cont. 7. Internal and external rotation occur in the horizontal plane 6. The tibiofemoral (knee) joint is sometimes referred as a trochoginglymus joint because of the internal and external rotation movements that can occur during flexion

8.Primary Knee Extensors Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius Vastus Lateralis

Rectus Femoris Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and groove (superior) above the acetabulum. Insertion: Superior aspect of the patella tendon to the tibial tuberosity. Action: -Extension of the knee (Sagittal) -Flexion of the hip (Sagittal) -Anterior pelvic rotation (Sagittal) Innervations: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Vastus Lateralis (externus) Origin: Interochanteric line, anterior nad inferior borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper ½ of the linea aspera and entire lateral intermuscular septum Insertion: Lateral border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity Action: Extension of the knee (Sagittal) Innervations: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Vastus Medialis (internus) Origin: Whole length of linea aspera and medial condyloid ridge Insertion: Medial ½ of upper border of patella and patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action: Extension of the knee (Sagittal) Innervations: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Vastus Intermedius Origin: Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of femur Insertion: Upper border of patella and patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action: Extension of the knee (Sagittal) Innervations: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

14. Primary Knee Flexors Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Popliteus Sartorius Gracilis Gastrocnemius

Biceps Femoris Origin: Long head- Ischial tuberosity Short head- Lower half of the linea aspera, and lateral condyloid ridge Insertion: Head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia Action: -Flexion of the knee (Sagittal) -Extension of the hip (Sagittal) -Posterior pelvic rotation (Sagittal) -External rotation of the knee (Transverse) -External rotation of the hip (Transverse Innervations: Long head- Sciatic nerve-tibial division (S1-S3) Short head- Sciatic nerve-peroneal division (L5, S1, S2)

Semitendinosus Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Upper anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle Action: -Flexion of the knee (Sagittal) -Extension of the hip (Sagittal) -Posterior pelvic rotation (Sagittal) -Internal rotation of the knee (Transverse) -Internal rotation of the hip (Transverse) Innervations: Sciatic nerve- tibial division (L5, S1, S2)

Semimembranosus Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle Action: -Flexion of the knee (Sagittal) -Extension of the hip (Sagittal) -Posterior pelvic rotation (Sagittal) -Internal rotation of the knee (Transverse) -Internal rotation of the hip (Transverse) Innervations: Sciatic nerve- tibial division (L5, S1, S2)

Popliteus Origin: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of femur Insertion: Upper posterior medial surface of the tibia Action: -Internal rotation of the knee as it flexes (Transverse) -Flexion of the knee (Sagittal) Innervations: Tibial nerve (L5, S1)

Biceps Femoris 10.Contracture of biceps femoris would lead to loss of: -Extension of the knee

11. This diagram is representing the Valgus strain applied in knee joint. If the intensity of this strain is increased suddenly then the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are likely to be injured

Posterior Cruciate Ligament 12. The diagram represents the posterior cruciate ligament tear. This is a very rare injury and usually come about through direct contact with an opponent or with the playing surface.

13. Anatomy of the Knee