1. Muscles
of the
Lower Limb

2. Insertion: Upper part of the medial surface of tibia (SGST)
Origin: ASIS
Sartorius
Nerve Supply Femoral nerve
Tailor’s position (Cross leg position)
Action
Insertion: Upper part of the medial surface of tibia (SGST)

3. All are supplied by the Femoral N.
Quadriceps Femoris
muscles
Rectus Femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus intermedius
All are supplied by the Femoral N.

4. Nerve Supply: Femoral N.
Origin:
Straight H.: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Reflected H.: groove above acetabulum
Rectus Femoris
muscle
Flexion of the hip &
extension of the knee
Action
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into upper, lat & medial borders of the patella.

5. Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis
Origin: Medial lip of the Linea aspra
Origin: Lateral lip of the Linea aspra
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Extension of the knee
Action
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into upper, lat & medial borders of the patella
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into upper, lat & medial borders of the patella

6. Origin:
Upper ⅔ of the anterior &
lateral surface of the femur
Vastus Intermedius
Extension of knee
Action
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into upper, lat & medial borders of the patella.

7. Medial Side of the Thigh
Muscles of the
Medial Side of the Thigh
Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Pectineus
Adductor Magnus

8. Gracilis Nerve Supply: Obturator N.
Origin: Conjoint ramus (inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus)
Nerve Supply: Obturator N.
Gracilis
Adduction
Action
Insertion: Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia (behind sartorius)

9. Adductor Longus Insertion: Linea aspra Anterior
Origin: Front of the body of the pubis just below pubic tubercle (rounded tendon)
Nerve Supply: Obturator N.
Adductor Longus
Adduction
Action
Insertion: Linea aspra
Anterior

10. Origin: Body & inferior ramus of the pubis below adductor longus
Nerve Supply: Obturator N.
Adductor Brevis
Adduction
Action
Insertion: Linea aspra

11. Pectineus Origin: Pectineal surface of pubis Nerve Supply: Femoral N.
Insertion: Below lesser trochanter
Adduction
Action

12. Insertion: Linea aspraAdductor tubercle
Origin: Adductor part: conjoint ramus (inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus) Hamstring part: lower lateral part of the ischial tuberosity
Adductor Magnus
Nerve Supply:
Obturator N.
& Sciatic N.
Insertion: Linea aspraAdductor tubercle
Adduction
Extends the hip joint
Action
Anterior
Posterior

13. Muscles of the Back of the Thigh
(Hamstring Muscles)‎
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris

14. Origin: Lower medial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity (with long head of the biceps)
Nerve Supply: Sciatic N.
Semitendinosus
Extension of the hip Flexion of the knee
Action
Insertion: Surface of the tibia (behind gracilis)

15. Origin: Upper lateral part of the upper area of ischial tuberosity
Nerve Supply: Sciatic N.
Semimembranosus
Extension of the hip & flexion of the knee
Action
Insertion: SGST tibia

16. Biceps Femoris Origin: Long head: with semitendinosus
Short head: linea aspra
Nerve Supply: Sciatic N.
Biceps Femoris
Extension of the hip
Flexion of the knee
Locking of the knee
Action
Insertion: Head of fibula

17. Gluteal Region Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
4 Sup & Inf gemelli
Obturator Externus

18. Extension of the hip joint
Gluteus Maximus
Hip bone behind the posterior gluteal line & back of the sacrum
Origin
Gluteal tuberosity & iliotibial tract
Insertion
Inferior gluteal N.
Nerve Supply
Extension of the hip joint
Action

19. Gluteus Medius Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Hip bone between the anterior & posterior gluteal lines
Origin
Back of the greater trochanter
Insertion
Superior gluteal N.
Nerve Supply
Abduction, medial rotaion of the hip & standing on one limb
Action

20. Gluteus Minimus Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Hip bone between superior gluteal nerve & inferior gluteal lines
Origin
Front of the greater trochanter
Insertion
Superior gluteal N.
Nerve Supply
Same as gluteus medius
Action

21. Piriformis Nerve Supply Action Origin Insertion S1,2
: Lateral rotation of the thigh
Action
Anterior of the middle 3 pieces of sacrum
Origin
Upper border of the greater trochanter
Insertion

22. Obturator Internus Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Pelvic wall & obturator membrane
Origin
Medial surface of the greater trochanter
Insertion
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve Supply
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Action

23. Superior & Inferior Gemelli Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Upper & lower margins of the lesser sciatic notch
Origin
With obturator internus
Insertion
Superiorly: N. to obturator internus
Inferiorly: N. to quadratus femoris
Nerve Supply
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Action

24. Obturator Externus Posterior Anterior Origin Insertion
Outer surface of the obturator foramen & membrane
Origin
Trochanteric fossa of the femur
Insertion
Posterior
Anterior
Obturator N.
Nerve Supply
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Action

25. Tibialis anterior Nerve Supply Action Origin Insertion Ant tibial N.
Dorsiflexion & inversion of foot
Action
Upper 2/3 of lat surface of tibia
Origin
Medial cuneiform
Insertion

26. Extensor Digitorum Longus
Upper ¾ of ant surf of fibula
Origin
Extensor exp into middle & distal phalanges of lat 4 toes
Insertion
Ant tibial N.
Nerve Supply
Dorsiflexion of foot & extension of lat 4 toes
Action

27. Extensor Hallucis longus
Middle 2/4 of ant surface of fibula
Origin
Base of distal phalanx of big toe
Insertion
Ant tibial N.
Nerve Supply
Dorsiflexion of foot & extension of big toe
Action

28. Peroneus Tertius Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Lower ¼ of ant surface of fibula
Origin
5th metatarsal bone
Insertion
Ant tibial N.
Nerve Supply
Dorsiflexin & eversion of foot
Action

29. Peroneus Longus Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Upper 2/3 of lat surface of fibula
Origin
Med cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal
Insertion
Musculo-cutaneous N .
Nerve Supply
Eversion & supports the arches of foot
Action

30. Peroneus Brevis Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Lower 2/3 of lat surface of fibula
Origin
Base of 5th metatarsal bone
Insertion
Musculo-cutaneous N .
Nerve Supply
Eversion of foot
Action

31. Gastrocnemius Med head: popliteal surface of femur above med condyle
Lat head: lat epicondyle of femur
Origin
Tendoachilis attached to mid back of calcaneous
Insertion
Med popliteal N .
Nerve Supply
Flexion of knee & plantar flexion of ankle
Action

32. Soleus Soleal line of tibia & upper 1/3 of back of fibula Origin
tendoachilis
Insertion
Med popliteal & tibial Ns
Nerve Supply
Plantar flexion of ankle
Action

33. Plantaris Popliteal surface of femur above the lat condyle Origin
Post surface of calcaneous
Insertion
Med popliteal N.
Nerve Supply
Flexion of knee & plantar flexion of foot
Action

34. Popliteus Popliteal groove of femur (intracapsular inside knee joint)
Origin
Back of tibia above soleal line
Insertion
Med popliteal N
Nerve Supply
Flexion & med rotation which accompanies flexion (unlocking of knee)
Action

35. Tibialis Posterior Back of tibia & fibula & interosseous membrane
Origin
Tuberosity of navicular B. & all tarsal bones except talus
Insertion
Post tibial N
Nerve Supply
Plantar flexion & inversion & keeps arches of foot
Action

36. Flexor Digitorum Longus Back of tibia (med to vertical line) Origin
Distal phalanges of lat 4 toes (plantar surface)
Insertion
Post tibial N.
Nerve Supply
Plantar flexion of foot & flexion of lat 4 fingers
Action

37. Flexor Hallucis Longus Back of fibula (lat to the crest) Origin
Distal phalanx of big toe (plantar surface)
Insertion
Post tibial N.
Nerve Supply
Plantar flexion of foot & flexion of big toe
Action