1. Knee
Ms. Bowman

2. Bones
Femur
Tibia
Patella
Fibula

3. Bony Landmarks

4. Joints These are the two main joints in the knee.
Tibiofemoral-the articulation of the tibia and femur
Modified Hinge joint
Patellofemoral-the articulation of the patella and the femur
The patella moves within a groove (or track) on the femur.
These are the two main joints in the knee.

5. Patella Lives inside the patellar tendon Moves along groove of femur
Quadriceps tendon superior
Patellar tendon inferior
Attaches to tibial tuberosity
Moves along groove of femur
Articular cartilage on back

6. Menisci
These two fibrocartilaginous discs lay on top of the tibia and cushion the articulation of the femur on the tibia.
They serve as shock absorbers.
Increase stability of knee
Medial meniscus- more ‘C’ shaped
Lateral meniscus-more ‘O’ shaped

7. Menisci Superficial edge of the menisci is vascularizaed
Deep portion of the menisci is avascular

8. Ligaments ACL-anterior cruciate ligament Located on inside of knee
Helps to prevent anterior translation of the tibia
Runs from medial aspect of antero- medial meniscus to the lateral condyle of the femur

9. Ligaments PCL-posterior cruciate ligament
Located on the inside of the knee
Helps to prevent posterior translation of the tibia
Runs from the postero- medial aspect of the lateral meniscus to the medial condyle of the femur

10. Ligaments MCL-medial collateral ligament
Located on the medial aspect of knee
Runs from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia
Resists valgus forces

11. Ligaments LCL- lateral collateral ligament
Located on the lateral aspect of the knee
Runs from the medial condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
Resists varus forces

12. MUSCLES

13. Hamstrings Origin- ischial tuberosity, proximal posterior femur
Insertion- semimembranosis:posterior medial condyle of femur; semitendinosus: proximal medial surface of shaft of tibia; biceps femoris: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tiboa
Action- knee flexion, hip extension

14. Gracilis Origin- distal margin of pubic bone
Insertion- proximal medial surface of shaft of tibia
Action- adducts hip, flexes knee

15. Sartorius Origin- anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion- proximal medial tibia
Action- flexes hip, externally rotates hip, abducts hip, flexes knee,

16. Quadriceps
Origin-rectus femoris: front part of ilium vastus group: proximal shaft of femur
Insertion- patella via patellar tendon
Action- extends knee, flexes hip

17. Gastrocnemius
Origin-lower posterior surface of femur above medial condyle, lateral condyle and lower posterior surface of femur
Insertion-posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Action- knee flexion, plantarflexion

18. Popliteus Origin-lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
Insertion-superior part of posterior surface of tibia
Action-externally rotates femur when foot is planted, internally rotates tibia when non-weight bearing, “unlocks” extended knee to initiate flexion