Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

Objectives: –ACOS 1 Use appropriate anatomical terminology. –ACOS 2 Identify anatomical body planes, body cavities, and abdominopelvic regions of the human body.

The Human Body – An Orientation Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function

Anatomy – Levels of Study Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gross Anatomy Large structures Easily observable Figure 1.1

Anatomy – Levels of Study Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microscopic Anatomy Very small structures Can only be viewed with a microscope Figure 14.4

Levels of Structural Organization Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Integumentary Forms the external body covering Protects deeper tissue from injury Synthesizes vitamin D Location of cutaneous nerve receptors Figure 1.2a

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Protects and supports body organs Provides muscle attachment for movement Site of blood cell formation Stores minerals Figure 1.2b

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscular Allows locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Figure 1.2c

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Fast-acting control system Responds to internal and external change Activates muscles and glands Figure 1.2d

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endocrine Secretes regulatory hormones Growth Reproduction Metabolism Figure 1.2e

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiovascular Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes Figure 1.2f

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lymphatic Returns fluids to blood vessels Disposes of debris Involved in immunity Figure 1.2g

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Respiratory Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide Figure 1.2h

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Digestive Breaks down food Allows for nutrient absorption into blood Eliminates indigestible material Figure 1.2i

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urinary Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Maintains acid – base balance Regulation of materials Water Electrolytes Figure 1.2j

Organ System Overview Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reproductive Production of offspring Figure 1.2k

Necessary Life Functions Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Respiration Movement Locomotion Movement of substances Responsiveness Ability to sense changes and react Digestion Break-down and delivery of nutrients

Necessary Life Functions Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolism – chemical reactions within the body Production of energy Making body structures Excretion Elimination of waste from metabolic reactions

Necessary Life Functions Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reproduction Production of future generation Growth Increasing of cell size and number

Survival Needs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nutrients Chemicals for energy and cell building Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals Oxygen Required for chemical reactions

Survival Needs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Water 60–80% of body weight Provides for metabolic reaction Stable body temperature Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate