Standard Indicator 8-1.4: Explain the significance of enslaved and free Africans in the developing culture and economy of the South and South Carolina, including the growth of the slave trade and resulting population imbalance between African and European settlers; African contributions to agricultural development; and resistance to slavery, including Stono Rebellion & subsequent laws to control slaves

Southern Colonial Economies Based on plantation system Grew labor intensive crops Virginia used indentured servants at first By 1670’s few people willing to sign indenture contracts Slavery developed slowly in Virginia Slavery used from beginning in Carolina Carolina planters tried to use Natives as workers Natives could escape too easily & males not used to farming

Carolina Economic Development Barbadians brought African slaves to Carolina Slaves imported from Africa and West Indies Steps to Slavery: “Middle Passage” Seasoning in West Indies Quarantining on Sullivan's Island Auctioning in Charles Town Living & working on plantations

Carolina Economic Development Carolina Economic Activities using African slaves Cattle herding (West Africans brought knowledge) Rice Cultivation (West Africans brought this too) Harvesting naval stores (pitch & tar) and lumber from pine forests Contributed to trade with Barbados & Britain

Slave Trade Increases Reasons: Development of cash crops growth of plantation system Large-scale importation through Charleston Began in 1690’s thousands imported Worked on rice & indigo plantations

West African Culture brought by slaves: Language Dance Music Woodcarving Folk medicine Basket weaving: Sweet Grass Baskets

West African Culture brought by slaves: Culture found in: Call & response songs for work & spirit (morale) Drums kept beat of field work & used to communicate with other plantations Drums banned after Stono Rebellion (fear)

African Cultural Contributions: Foods: yams staple of southern diet Gullah: spoken language & culture of Africans on Sea Islands of SC; Geechee in GA. Gullah unique to coast due to area’s limited access & large concentration of Africans

Impact of Growth of Slavery in Carolina By 1698 Assembly worried there were too many slaves in colony Assembly did not want to limit number of slaves imported to colony Slaves were vital to economic success of Carolina Demand for slaves led to increase in slave trade Increase in slaves led to population imbalance Slaves outnumbered whites in many areas Whites concerned about controlling slave population Stono-Rebellion increased concern & fear

Stono Rebellion & Impact Started on Stono River near Charles Town Cause: Spanish promise offering freedom to slaves who reached St. Augustine in Florida Small group of slaves broke into store & killed 2 settlers Used Drums to summon more slaves to join Many slaves & settlers killed Result: increased fear led to stronger slave codes

Negro Act of 1740: Prohibited slaves from gathering without white supervision Slaves could not be taught to read & write Slaves could not carry guns Slaves were not allowed to dress “above the condition of a slave” Created harsher punishments for disobeying the law Fined slave owners who were cruel to slaves Most important to colonists it established tighter control of their slaves But slave trade was still not limited after Stono Rebellion

South Carolina Free African-Americans Fewer free African-Americans than other colonies State legislature gave owners right to manumit slaves for good cause in early 1700’s Methods of freeing slaves: last will & testament, faithful service, freeing mistresses & children, buying freedom Slaves with special talents or skills could be hired out & earn money to purchase freedom Manumission occurred rarely due to value of slaves Law required freed blacks to leave SC within 6 months or be re-enslaved & sold at auction Only 4% of free blacks lived in the South, most likely in urban areas using trades to earn living After American Revolution new laws restricting freeing slaves were enacted

Slavery in Colonial America

Slavery in Colonial America

Slavery in Colonial America

Slavery in Colonial America

Slavery in Colonial America