Opening Question (11/29/10) What are similarities differences between Athens and Sparta? What makes each polis unique and what makes each polis the same? – Couple of bullet points for each…. If you did not do Ishmael DB #6 or #7… shame on you – If you do not do it by Thursday they are “0’s” and that is that   This is how it makes me feel If you have make-up work or make-up homework have it out for me to check… Today's topic = Greek government and Athens vs. Sparta

HW Review (#21) 1. Small Kingdoms ruled by Chieftains/Kings 2. Most overthrown by Aristocrats (rule by the best) 4. Tyrants start to come to power, usually supported by people but take power illegally ( BC) – introduce reforms that make democracy possible 3. Aristocrats weaken as “Hoplites” (common heavy infantry soldiers) demand more rights 5. Tyrants become more like dictators and are overthrown and government by people (democracy) is established in some city-states 6. Athens forms the worlds first democracy. (does not include women’ rights slavery exist) Other city-states like Sparta return to an oligarchy or aristocracy.

Development of Greek Governments Type of Government DefinitionPractice/How it worked Monarchy -Ruling power is in the hands of one person -Passed on through family -Kings, Queens, Emperors, and Sultans -Citizens have no say Oligarchy -ruling power is in the hands of a few leaders -usually a select group of members -aristocrats or elders -only a very small number of people have a say Democracy -Ruling Power is in the hands of the people -Representative (US) v. Direct (Athens) -all male citizens can vote and participate -Athens is birthplace of Democracy (Direct) Tyranny -Power is seized by an individual -Usually rules w/ military -Policies are generally harsh -Usually happens when country or city is in trouble -Tryanny is justified by the need for order and stability

Greek Social Classes and Civic Duty 3 Main Social Groups in Greek society 1) Citizens: free adult males; expectation of civic participation 2) Free people with no political rights: women; foreigners 3) Noncitizens and slaves Greeks believed that all free male citizens were rational people Citizens should participate in government (ex. Athens democracy) All decisions were made in a public open debate CIVIC DUTY – Responsibility to participate and help run government

LeadersNotable accomplishments DRACO First Greek leader to write down laws. Very harsh laws. First Greek laws to outlaw murder and killing (to end family blood feuds) SOLON Greek leader who outlawed debt slavery, helped create democracy in Athens Set up a court of citizens PEISISTRATUS Redistributed land from nobles to poor, set up system of promoting olive trees and vineyards for exports. Archon who separated Athenian Polis into “sections/tribes” to govern… CLEISTHENES Archon who created 10 “tribes” of Athenians and the Council of 500(50 to present possible laws to the entire Assembly(all citizens) Athenian Rulers and the Rise of Democracy in Athens TYRANTS - Leaders who took power by force, had the support of most of the people. Not necessarily bad rulers, although some were ATHENS: Governmental Development - MONARCHY  ARISTOCRACY  TYRANNY  DEMOCRACY

Athens v. Sparta *Both are great Greek City States *Both Believe that women should be held in private life and had to take care of the children *Military important *Both had slaves- slaves could work in home, in trade or as farmers *Democracy *Male born in Athens can become a citizen of Athens *40,000 citizens in Athens at any given time *Education about the mind and body *Women stay at home and supervise running of house *Boys ages 7 – 18 attended school (mandatory) *Open towards foreigners – foreigners not allowed to become citizens *Valued Individual Freedom, learning and tolerance * Education focused on Philosophy, Biology, Math and Geography *Oligarchy – Council of Elder (28) – 2 Kings (1 for military and 1 at home) *Had to be descendant of original settlers that came to Sparta *Never more than 6,000 – 7,000 citizens most times *Boys start school at age seven (all military training) *Women could leave home, participate in sports, and even own land *Sparta wanted to cut itself off from the rest of the world (isolation from foreigners) *Education focused on toughness, discipline, and fitness *Valued Loyalty, Discipline, and Obedience

Social hierarchy in Athens Citizens – Males born in Athens, could be rich or poor Only Athenian born males had political rights, females could not vote or hold office Metics – non-citizens born outside of Athens, were free, paid taxes, yet could not take part in political process or own land, (usually were merchants or artisans) Slaves – Athenians considered slavery natural and necessary, slaves were usually people captured in war, slaves treated as property, masters could free slaves and the slaves would become Metics

Social hierarchy in Sparta Equals – descendants of invaders, all treated equally Land is divided equally among Equals Helots are divided equally to work the land Half Citizens – Were free, paid taxes, could serve in army, could become rich through trade and industry, yet they had NO POLITICAL POWER Helots – slaves conquered by Spartan ancestors, treated harshly, Spartans used fear to control them, greatly outnumbered Spartans and fear of uprising led to Spartans creating their military society

RAFT Writing Activity Two Paragraphs Minimum – pick 1 to do – due at end of class RoleAudienceFormatTopic – What you are writing about… Spartan Male 7 year old son LetterYou are telling your son what to expect and focus on as he heads into Spartan military training. You are a proud Spartan who looks down on other city-states. Foreigner arriving in Athens N/AJournal Entry You are describing Athens city-state and daily life. Describe how you are treated there versus other city-states as well. Helot living in Sparta Other helots in Sparta SpeechYou are giving a speech to other Helots that addresses Spartan treatment of helots and resentment of it… maybe even suggesting rebellion and its dangers Athenian Citizen Teenage son LetterYou are writing a letter to your son who is in school in Athens. You are trying to let your son know about Athenian tradition and why Athens is the best city-state