Feed Nutrients Animal Science II Unit 6

Objectives Identify the major functions of the basic nutrient groups and identify the feeds that are sources of each. Identify the characteristics of nutrient sources for each basic nutrient group.

Nutrients A chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life. Become part of the cells of the body Necessary for life, growth and proper function Different kinds needed by different animals Must be in balance

5 Groups of Nutrients Energy Proteins Vitamins Minerals water

Energy-Carbohydrates Main energy nutrient in animal rations Made up of sugars, starches, cellulose and lignin Chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Provide energy for body cells Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat

Simple Carbohydrates Sugars and starches Easily digested Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) Comes from cereal grains

Complex Carbohydrates Fiber Made up of cellulose and lignin Harder to digest Found mainly in roughages

Energy Nutrients Fats and oils Higher energy value than carbohydrates Fats have 2.25 times the energy value Easily digested Provide energy and body heat and carry the fat soluble vitamins Come from both plant and animal sources

Proteins Organic compounds made up of amino acids Supply material to build body tissue Essential to fetal development Table 6-1 (p. 129) shows the essential and nonessential amino acids

Sources of Protein Good quality Meat & Bone meal Animal Protein Plant Protein Good quality Meat & Bone meal Can not be fed to ruminant animals Poorer quality Will meet ruminant needs Cereal grains in the right combination will meet the needs of nonruminants Soybean oil meal is most commonly used

Vitamins Trace organic compounds Only needed in small amounts Divided into 2 groups Fat soluble and water soluble

Vitamins Fat Soluble Water Solvable Dissolve in fat A, D, E, K Sources Green leafy hay Yellow corn Cod liver & other fish oils Wheat germ oil Green pasture Vitamin D is produced in the animals body if the animal receives direct sunlight part of the day Dissolve in water Vitamin C & B-Complex vitamins Sources Green pasture (C & B) Hay (C) Green leafy hay (B) Cereal grains (B) Milk (B) Fish soluble (B) Certain animal proteins (B)

Minerals Inorganic materials Needed in small amounts Divided into two groups Major-needed in large amounts Trace- needed in small amounts May be deficient in some part of the US See table 6-2 p. 132

Minerals Often found lacking Usually found in adequate amounts Major Minerals Trace Minerals Often found lacking Salt Calcium Phosphorus Usually found in adequate amounts Potassium, Sulfur, Magnesium, Iron, Iodine, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Manganese, Boron, Molybdenum, Fluorine,selenium

Water Importance is often forgotten 40-80% of the animals body Functions Dissolves nutrients Controls temperature Carries nutrients Necessary for chemical reactions

Commercial Feed Tag Show the guaranteed minimum of Crude protein or total protein Amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the feed multiplied by 6.25 Vitamins Minerals

Summary Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds that aid in the support of life Need all 5 groups to produce efficiently Supplied by grains, forages and commercial feed mixes

Assignment Complete Review Questions 1-12