Nationalism in the Post Great War World Nationalism in the Post Great War World

Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East As world war I ended, the people of Africa were growing tired of their colonial status. They paid taxes to foreign nations, fought their wars, and worked their farms. There were few total revolts, but many protests. Only Egypt won its independence.

Africa- Feeling impact of colonial rule Feeling impact of colonial rule Africans forced off best land Africans forced off best land Forbidden to grow most profitable crops Forbidden to grow most profitable crops –Had to grow cash crops=famines Restrictions on movement Restrictions on movement Complete loss of self- sufficiency, dependent on European goods Complete loss of self- sufficiency, dependent on European goods

South Africa Apartheid-system of racial segregation Apartheid-system of racial segregation Home to a vital nationalist movement led by African National Congress (ANC) Home to a vital nationalist movement led by African National Congress (ANC) –Educated Africans –Fought through legal means –Little effect on white government –Framework for later political action

Pan-Africanism Unity of Africans and people of African descent around the world Unity of Africans and people of African descent around the world “Africa for Africans” – Marcus Garvey “Africa for Africans” – Marcus Garvey Pan-African Congress Pan-African Congress

Egypt Most change from nationalism seen here Most change from nationalism seen here Great deal of resistance toward British rule Great deal of resistance toward British rule United under Wafd Party United under Wafd Party 1922: gained independence 1922: gained independence –Stayed to guard Suez Canal

Betrayal of Self-Determination Arabs had helped Allies defeat Ottoman Empire Arabs had helped Allies defeat Ottoman Empire Had promised independence Had promised independence Did not happen, instead Countries took them over as territories or mandates Did not happen, instead Countries took them over as territories or mandates Resentment that has lasted until today Resentment that has lasted until today

Turkey After fall of Ottoman Empire, Turks resisted western control After fall of Ottoman Empire, Turks resisted western control Mustafa Kemal (aka Ataturk “Father of Turks”) overthrew sultan, defeated westerners, declared a republic Mustafa Kemal (aka Ataturk “Father of Turks”) overthrew sultan, defeated westerners, declared a republic Westernization Westernization –Law, Calendar, Day of Rest, Clothes, Religious aspects –Built roads, RRs, Factories

Iran Dislike of British and Russian occupation Dislike of British and Russian occupation Reza Khan overthrew shah Reza Khan overthrew shah Modernization Modernization Oil became major factor in economic and foreign affairs Oil became major factor in economic and foreign affairs

Palestine British mandate (territory) British mandate (territory) 1897: Zionist movement 1897: Zionist movement –Rebuild Jewish state in Palestine –Return

Palestine Promises Promises –Arabs own kingdom in former Ottoman Empire, including Palestine –1917: Balfour Declaration – support of national home for Jewish people in Palestine “nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine” “nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine”

India British ruled British ruled Amritsar massacre Amritsar massacre Many fought for British during WW I Many fought for British during WW I Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi –Nonviolent resistance Had to wait until after WW II Had to wait until after WW II

Latin American Nationalism Mexican Revolution Most Mexicans were peasants who lived in desperate poverty. Factory workers and miners earning meager wages were restless and angry. Middle-class liberals, who embraced democracy, opposed the lengthy Díaz dictatorship. A liberal reformer, Francisco Madero, encouraged revolt. Pancho Villa

Reforms in Mexico and Nationalism through out LA A tide of economic nationalism, or emphasis on domestic control of the economy, swept through Mexico and other Latin American countries. A tide of economic nationalism, or emphasis on domestic control of the economy, swept through Mexico and other Latin American countries. Began to reject European influences. Instead, they took pride in their own culture. Pride in one’s own culture is called cultural nationalism. Began to reject European influences. Instead, they took pride in their own culture. Pride in one’s own culture is called cultural nationalism.