Air Law Aerodromes

Reference From the Ground Up Chapter 4.1: Aerodromes Pages 89 - 98

Introduction Aerodromes and their aircraft manoeuvring areas are important to know when operating an aircraft on and around them. It is important to know and understand the use of all markings and lighting when flying and taxiing.

Outline Definitions Runway Numbering Aerodrome Markings Wind Indicators Aerodrome Lighting Radio Terms Light Signals

Definitions Aerodrome - Any area of land or water designed for the arrival, departure, movement and servicing of aircraft Airport - Any aerodrome in which a certificate is in force Movement Area - Areas used for surface movement of aircraft, including maneuvering areas and aprons Maneuvering Area - Areas used for taking off, landing and aircraft taxiing, including runways and taxiways Apron (AKA Ramp) - Area for loading/unloading, refueling, servicing and parking aircraft

Runway Numbering Runway number: Example: Magnetic bearing Round to nearest 10° Omit last digit Add L, C or R if more than one parallel runway (left, centre or right) Example: Runway pointing 18° = Rwy 02 Parallel runways pointing 151° = Rwy 15L and Rwy 15R Other end of runway is reciprocal number (+ or - 18)

Runway Numbering 45° magnetic bearing 225° magnetic bearing 0° 360° 23 270° 90° 05 180° 225° magnetic bearing

Runway Numbering 0° 360° 18R 18L 270° 90° 36L 36R 180°

Runway Markings

Runway Markings 09 Runway Centreline White lines in middle of runway Threshold White line across end of runway Displaced Threshold Arrows on pavement before threshold Area not to be used for landing

Taxiway Markings 09 Hold Lines Yellow lines across taxiway Aircraft must “hold short” at line unless cleared to cross Taxiway Centerline Yellow line in middle of taxiway Aircraft centre themselves on line

Unserviceable Areas 09 Aircraft not to use unserviceable areas Large white or yellow “X”s on both ends of and along runway or taxiway Red flags or flashing red lights may mark unserviceable areas that can be passed with caution

Wind Indicators Wind Sock Tetrahedron (or Wind T) Points away from wind Straight = 15 kts or more 30° down = 6 kts Fluctuating = Gusty Tetrahedron (or Wind T) Points into wind Does not show wind speed

Aerodrome Lighting Runway End - Red Runway Edges - White Obstructions/building/towers Steady or flashing red lights or white strobe lights Taxiway Edges - Blue Runway Threshold - Green

Approach Lights

VASIS VASIS = Visual Approach Slope Indicator System Above approach slope Correct approach slope Below approach slope All Red All White

PAPI

PAPI PAPI = Precision Approach Path Indicator High Slightly high Correct approach Slightly low Low All Red All White

Circuit Downwind Leg Enter here Base Leg Crosswind Leg 09 27 Final Leg Left turns = Left-hand circuit (default aerodrome circuit) Upwind Side Enter here

Radio Terms

Radio Terms NORDO (No Radio) RONLY (receive only) Aircraft not capable of communicating over radio Either no radio or radio malfunction RONLY (receive only) Aircraft can only receive radio, but not transmit Aircraft may confirm messages through visual signals (such as rocking wings)

Light Signals

Ground Light Signals Flashing Green Light Cleared to taxi Steady Green Light Cleared for take-off Flashing Red Light Taxi clear of runway in use Steady Red Light Stop Flashing White Light Return to starting point on airport Blinking Runway Lights Vacate runway immediately

Air Light Signals Steady Green Light Clear to land Steady Red Light Do not land, continue in circuit (or Red Flare) Flashing Green Light Return for landing Alternating Red and Danger, be on alert Green Light (US) Flashing Red Light Airport unsafe, do not land Red Pyrotechnical Light Do not land for the time being

Next Lesson 3.2 – Air Law Airspace From the Ground Up Chapter 4.2: The Canadian Airspace System Pages 98 - 105