Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Hospital & Healthcare Facilities

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Estimated Deaths – Hospital Acquired Infections 90,000 per year And Costs $4.5 Billion Per Year Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Airborne Contaminants Found In Healthcare Facilities That are transmitted through the airborne infectious droplet route

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Bacteria/Virus/Fungi l Bacteria – one-cell organisms that multiple by cell division l Virus – multiply by entering a host cell, using the cell’s DNA to manufacture clones of themselves l Fungi – multiply through the formation of spores that separate from the parent

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Sources of Contaminants in Healthcare Environment

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 ASHRAE - Hospital Filtration Type/locationNon-aseptic areasAseptic areas Prefilter Before coil (MERV 6-8) 25-40% dust spot (MERV 6-8) 25-40% dust spot Pre/final filter Before coil (MERV 14) 80-85% dust spot (MERV 14) 80-85% dust spot Final filter After blower-terminal filter (MERV 16 ) 95% DOP (99% dust spot) (MERV 17) ≥99.97%DOP

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 AIA Filtration For Hospitals* Area Designation No. Filter Bank Filter Bank filter beds #1 #2 All areas for inpatient care, 2MERV % MERV % treatment and diagnosis, and those areas providing direct service or clean supplies such as sterile and clean processing, etc. Protective Environment rooms 2MERV % 99.97% (MERV 17) Laboratories 1MERV %- Adm, bulk storage, soiled holding 1MERV %- Areas, food preparation areas and Laundries *Guideline for Design and Construction of Hospital and Healthcare Facilities – Table 7.3

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Mini-pleat V-Cell

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 History of HEPA Filters High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 To Be A HEPA Filter “Throwaway extended-medium dry-type filter in rigid frame having minimum particle-collection efficiency of 99.97% (that is a maximum particle penetration of of 0.03%) for 0.3 µm particles of thermally-generated DOP particles or specified alternative aerosol.” --IEST

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Background on HEPA Filters

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 HEPA filters should be factory tested to assure the minimum efficiency 99.97% on 0.3 micrometer particles Personnel installing/replacing should be trained in proper installation – proper personal protection In-place challenging for integrity is highly recommended HEPA Filter Testing

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 2 Years in Service

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 HEPA Filter Integrity Testing l In-Place Integrity (full media scan) l Also includes joints, frames, ceiling, gaskets and other seals

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Biological Safety Cabinets

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Chemicals and Other l Ethylene Oxide l Aldehydes l Waste Anesthetic Gases l Surgical Smoke l Latex - Protein on Powdered Particulate l Antineoplastic Drugs

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Gaseous Contaminant Removal Principle Methods l Physical – Adsorption n Activated carbons l Chemical - Chemisorption n Chemically treated activated carbons n Potassium permanganate impregnated media

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Proposed Standard ASHE/ASHRAE Standard 170P

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 SUMMARY l Good Predictive Maintenance l Good Housekeeping l Listening – Observing – Following ASHE/ASHRAE and AIA Guidelines l Use of higher efficiency filters and Integrity Testing in-situ of HEPA Filters l Using gas-phase filtration for chemicals & odors

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Cleaner Air = Safer Environment