1. OPERATING ROOM SAFETY AND EMERGENCIES

2. Enabling Objectives 1. Given scenarios of environmental conditions, identify the hazards present. 2. Given the scenarios of emergency situations, identify the duties of the scrub and circulating technologist.

3. Enabling Objectives 3. Describe selected types of electrical systems found in the O.R. 4. State, in order, the steps that must be taken when a ground fault occurs in the O.R. 5. State injuries that could result from a faulty electrical system.

4. Enabling Objectives 6. List measures taken to control static electricity in the operating room. 7. State the safety precautions which prevent selected equipment hazard.

5. Enabling Objectives 8. Perform safety checks on selected equipment in the O.R.

6. Terminal Objective Perform safety checks and state the action(s) to be taken in the case of emergencies. Perform safety checks and state the action(s) to be taken in the case of emergencies.

7. Enabling Objectives Classifications of Hazards Classifications of Hazards Emergency Situations Emergency Situations Electrical System Electrical System Ground Fault Ground Fault Faulty Electrical System Faulty Electrical System Static Electricity Static Electricity Safety Checks Safety Checks

8. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS 1.Physical a. Refers to: -Back injuries -Falls -Noise pollution -Radiation -Electricity -Fire

9. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS b. Factors: (1) Environmental (a) Several factors contribute to providing a comfortable working environment:

10. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS 2.Lighting -Should be adequate. -Excessive glare produces fatigue. 3.Color 4. Noise Pollution -Kept to a minimum

11. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (2) Body Mechanics (a) Observe principles of good body mechanics to minimize injury.

12. IONIZING RADIATION

13. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (3) Ionizing Radiation (a) X-rays 1. Can not be seen or felt 1. Can not be seen or felt 2. Adverse and cumulative effects on body tissues 2. Adverse and cumulative effects on body tissues 3. Safety Precautions: 3. Safety Precautions:

14. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (4) Nonionizing Radiation (a) Laser 1. Safety glasses or goggles are worn at all times while a laser is in use. 2. Correct optical density for the type of wavelength is required for the proper protective eyewear.

15. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (b) Radioactive implants 1. Interstital needles 2. Interstitial seeds 3. Intercavitary capsules (c) Use in accordance with:

16. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (5) Electrical Safety (6) Fire Safety (a) Personnel have responsibility to know location and operation of: (a) Personnel have responsibility to know location and operation of:

17. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (7) Other (a) Personnel have a responsibility to know types and color codes of gas cylinders: (a) Personnel have a responsibility to know types and color codes of gas cylinders: (b) Cylinders must be chained or have solid support. (b) Cylinders must be chained or have solid support.

18. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS 2. Chemical a. Must be labeled by manufacturer: -Identity of agents -Appropriate warning hazards b. Accompanied with a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) (1) Specifies: (1) Specifies:

19. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS c. Anesthetic Gases (1) Gasses that escape from around patient’s facemask on expirations. (1) Gasses that escape from around patient’s facemask on expirations. (2) May Cause: Reaction to patient (not enough anesthetic) (2) May Cause: Reaction to patient (not enough anesthetic) Problems for room crew Problems for room crew

20. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS 3. Ensure proper anesthesia techniques are used and that gas evacuation system on anesthesia machine is functioning.

21. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS d. Sterilizing Agents (1) Toxic or vaporized agents emit fumes that are irritating to eyes and nasal passages.

22. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (2) Types: (a) Ethylene Oxide (b) Formaldehyde (c) Gluteralderhyde (Cidex) (d) Cytotoxic Drugs (e) Cleaning Agents

23. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS 3. Biologic (1) Host for/source of pathogenic microorganism. (1) Host for/source of pathogenic microorganism. (2) Promote good hand washing after patient contact. (2) Promote good hand washing after patient contact. -Most effective way to reduce number of microbes.

24. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS b. Infectious Waste (1) Any waste capable of causing an infectious disease. (1) Any waste capable of causing an infectious disease. (a) Blood: (a) Blood: (2) Must be separated from general waste: (2) Must be separated from general waste:

25. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (3) Waste cans must be disposed of in a landfill or incinerated. (4) Federal, state, and local regulations must be followed.

26. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS c. Penetrating Injuries (1) Cuts, needle sticks, or substances splashed in eyes -Risks-Procedures

27. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS d. Surgical Plume (1) Generated by thermal destruction of tissue or bone. (1) Generated by thermal destruction of tissue or bone. (a) Blood borne pathogens, mutagens, carcinogens and other toxic substances are aerosolized by wearing of protective gear (a) Blood borne pathogens, mutagens, carcinogens and other toxic substances are aerosolized by wearing of protective gear

28. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (2) Protective items to be worn include: -Filtering mask -Filtering mask -Face shields -Face shields -Goggles or eye glasses with sides. -Goggles or eye glasses with sides.

29. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS e. Latex sensitivity/allergy (1) Common items containing latex (2) Patients and personnel should be screened for risk of sensitivity. (3) Two types of allergic response to the water soluble protein in latex.

30. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS (4) Patients sensitized or allergic to latex requires latex free supplies. (a) Latex free supply cart

31. LATEX SENSITIVITY/ ALLERGY

32. Emergency Situations

33. 1. Fire in the O.R. -Guidelines -Guidelines -Remember the word RACE -Remember the word RACE

34. Emergency Situations b. Scrub Technologist Responsibilities: c. Circulator Responsibilities:

35. Emergency Situations 2. Cardiac Arrest a. Guidelines b. Scrub tech. responsibilities: c. Circulator responsibilities:

36. Emergency Situations 3. Malignant Hyperthermia -Hypermetabolic crisis in patients -Hypermetabolic crisis in patients 4. Splash Exposure

37. SPLASH EXPOSURE

38. Emergency Situations C. Electrical Systems 1. Isolation Power System 1. Isolation Power System D. Ground Fault E. Electrical Power Outage

39. ISOLATION POWER SYSTEM

40. Emergency Situations F. Faulty Electrical System G. Static Electricity H. Safety Checks

41. Review and Summary

42. OPERATING ROOM SAFETY AND EMERGENCIES