Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI) Partnership for Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia Hanoi City - Vietnam Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI) Ministry of Transport Part 1: Introduction Overview of Hanoi Transport Challenges Transport Goals Definition of “Sustainable Transport” for Hanoi Part 2: Data Leading to Indicators Information Chart Indicator Overview Gaps/Weakness Part 3 : Most Important Challenges for Hanoi Part 4 : Indicator Hierarchy Part 5 : Next Steps

Hanoi Introduction Part 1 Area : 920.97sqKms Population: 3.05 mil Population density: 3317 per/sq-kms 9 urban districts 5 rural districts 2nd ranking economic prosperity 4th ranking population Capital Cultural, political, and economic center of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Part 1

Transport challenges (1) High number of private vehicles (especially, two-wheelers) - 412 motorbikes/ 1000 population (Car: 43cars/1000 p.) - Vehicle frequency from traffic counts(2003): Number of vehicle is growing rapidly ( 10 recent years) - Average annual growth of motorbike : 13% - Average annual growth of car : 10% Narrow streets; Low road space; - Land use for transport of 6.1% with 1% for parking/storage ( Other countries’ cities : 15-25% and 8% ) Part 1

Transport challenges (2) Limited parking space: - Existing land use for parking space : 0.31% (including parking space of streets and sidewalks) 10% of parking demand Congestion Air pollution from transport Part 1

Transport problems Part 1

Transport goals (2) Part 1 - Goals for Travel Modes in Hanoi Means of Transport 2005 2010 2020 PSUTA goals 2020 Urban Bus + Taxi 15/5% 15-20/5% 20-25/5% Urban Railway 8-10% 30% Public transport =(1)+(2) 20% 30-35% 55-60% Bike 14% 13-14% 7% Motorbike 49% 38% 15-20% Car 8% 9-12% 11-17% Regional passenger bus+others 9% 10% 12% - Study and Develop Urban Railway Network (Metro & Sky Train) Part 1

Definition of “Sustainable Transport “ for Hanoi “Sustainable Transport means Transport system which are Optimize transport network meets the mobility needs of the present, easy access and smooth mobility for different income groups, does not pollute environment, meets travel needs for all, minimize congestion, traffic accidents and compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their transport needs” Environment Sustainable Social Economics Part 1

Indicator and Data – PEOPLE (2) Population and Population density by districts in 2003 Population density Population 0.857 36.5 104th 398th Part 2

Public Transport by Bus Indicator and Data – TRANSPORT (3) Bus Network Total route : 41 routes Total length : 778.1 Kms Number of vehicle:680 Daily passenger :775 846 (22.5mil/month) Source: TUPWS, 8,2004 Public Transport by Bus (mil.passengers/year) 50 100 150 200 1978 1992 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source : TRAMOC (1978-2003) – survey IMV (2004) Part 2

Indicator and Data – TRANSPORT(4) Modal Share of trip by mode Part 2 Source: Householde interview survey 10.000 questionnaires, TDSI, 2003

Indicator and Data – TRANSPORT (5) Trip distance by Mode Travel time by Mode Share of trips by purpose TDSI, 2004 Part 2 Source: Households interview survey 10.000 questionnaires, TDSI, 2003

Indicator and Data – TRANSPORT (6) Vehicle Numbers in 2003 Vehicle : 126 478 Motorcycle: 1 197 166 Total: 1 323 644 Fuel Intensity by Vehicle and fuel Vehicle type Fuel Intensity (liters/100km) on highway with speed 90km/h Fuel Intensity (liters/100km) in city Gasoline engines Diesel engines Cars < 9 Seats - Cars 5.6-11.3(l) 9.2-13.9(l) - Small buses 8.3-8.4(l) 7.0-7.2(l) 11.1-11.5(l) Passenger > 24 Seats Passenger < 24 Seats Small trucks 9.5-10(l) 7.2-9.8(l) 8.5-12.4(l) Heavy trucks Motorcycles 1.8-2.2l(l) 2.7-3.3(l) Buses -Bus 80 Seats 32-41(l) -Bus 60 Seats 20-34(l) -Bus 24 Seats 16-17(l) Part 2

Indicator and Data - ECONOMICS Contribution to GDP of Transport Branch Transport construction activity and investment Economic Profitability of public and private transport firms Transportation expenditures of households Expenditures Item 1000 VND (%) Vehicles 3500 33.87 Fuel (gasoline) 2978.4 28.82 Fuel (diesel) 350.4 3.39 Insurance 140 1.35 Maintenance and Repairs 1000 9.68 Parking 2000 19.35 Tolls 365 3.53 Total 10333.8 100.00 Part 2 Source : TDSI, 2003

Indicator and Data – HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT Air Quality (3) Standard NO2=0.1 mg/m3 Source : - State of the Environment in Hanoi City 2003 –DONRE of Hanoi - Controlling pollution and giving out environmental protection mitigations in activities of vehicle- VR- 7/2002. Part 2

Indicator and Data – HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT Air Quality (4) Standard SPM=0.2 mg/m3 Source : - State of the Environment in Hanoi City 2003 –DONRE of Hanoi - Controlling pollution and giving out environmental protection mitigations in activities of vehicle- VR- 7/2002. Part 2

Indicator and Data – HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT Hot Spots for pollution No Intersections 1 Nga Tu So 2 Nga Tu Vong 3 Chua Boc 4 Kim Lien – Giai Phong 5 Ton That Tung – Pham Ngoc Thach 6 Cau Giay 7 Nam Cau Chuong Duong 8 Sai Dong Roads Giai Phong Truong Chinh Tay Son – Ton Duc Thang Nguyen Trai Kim Ma – Nguyen Thai Hoc Duong Lang Pham Van Dong Source : - State of the Environment in Hanoi City 2003 – DONRE of Hanoi. Part 2

Indicator and Data – SAFETY and ACCIDENTS Fatalities : 460 Injuries : 1138 Part 2

Indicator and Data – GAPS/WEAKNESS Data are collected from varied sources which own data, it does not the same. Data are collected from varied sources and through one-off projects, meaning there is a lack of consistency in indicator information. Lack of coordination organizations, sharing information Environment : - Lack of indicator data on environment – there is a need for this that is not being met by current development studies. More environment data must be collected/maintained in order to move to the next level of development. Part 2

MOST IMPORTANT CHALLENGES FOR HANOI ACCESS/CONGESTION/TRANSPORT Development of public transport network Land use for transport (parking space and road space) Congestion hotspots ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH Environment: air quality and pollutant concentrations SAFETY AND SECURITY Traffic accidents Part 3

Access/Congestion Part 4 Indicator Pyramid : ACCESS/CONGESTION/TRANSPORT Access/Congestion Congestion time (mins/km) Congestion cost ($m per year) Delay by streets, journey, mode O-D survey: Travel time and duration; travel purpose Traffic flow by street Speeds by street Part 4

Air Quality and Pollutant Concentrations Part 4 Indicator Pyramid : ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH Air Quality and Pollutant Concentrations Days concentrations exceed critical values Economic and health costs of pollution Average concentration of pollutants in the ambient air Share of vehicles by type meeting most recent emissions control standard Share of vehicles by type actually passing vehicle emissions tests. Grams per cubic centimeter; days per year : NOx; CO; SO2; SPM; Pb Fuel use; emissions coefficients and driving cycles by vehicle type; Part 4

NEXT STEPS Master Plan for Economic and Society Development for Hanoi City 2020 (JICA) Setting up the target indicators for transport development and environment in Hanoi City, including air pollution implications of Master Plan. Fill gaps : Survey private transport every 3(or 6) months at 6 intersections during 2 years Environment: - Setting up environment database, sharing information - Fill gaps : Funding money for using mobile station - Equipment, training to monitor in use vehicles emission Part 5

NEXT STEPS Part 5 Traffic Safety - Engineering - Education - Enforcement Develop a means for standardizing data from different sources and maintaining them consistently for the future. Part 5

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