host SDC/SHA May 2005 introduction project focuses on the design and deployment of warm climate emergency shelter for a family of 6 people latest phase of ongoing Shelter Centre exploration of emergency family shelter last meeting, presented a tunnel shelter this presentation on an alternative structural system to the tunnel over this summer, a volunteer project team will develop a covering developing an idea of Wolfgang Neumann, former UNHCR senior physical planner, for a frame tent I would like to thank Allan McRobie, Stephen Pearse, Lizzie Babister, Pete Manfield, Peter Guthrie and Jo Da-Silva for their contributions and advice projects 3G shelter project awarded RIBA / McAslan bursary

host SDC/SHA May 2005 ‘3G shelter’ project aims further the development of emergency family shelter develop a prototype shelter compliant with the OCHA performance standards for emergency family shelter collaborate with manufacturing specialists to streamline the mass production of the design develop a series of procurement options to facilitate flexibility of response investigate the scale and cost of deployment of emergency family shelter projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 schedule the project has been split into two phases phase 1: University of Cambridge engineering Masters project generation of concept designs fabrication of prototype frame structural testing of prototype phase 2: summer Shelter Centre volunteer team research design of covering solution investigation of modular structures quantification of user adaptation options projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 concept design a series of concepts were generated building upon the standards presented at he end of the OCHA publication ‘Tents’: social performance buildability repairability adaptability modularity physical performance usable area usable volume durability structural integrity projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 frame projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 frame features components: 18 x 1.9 m aluminium square hollow section extrusions 9 x custom extruded aluminium joint shelter width: 3.4 m shelter length: 3.9 m useable internal volume: 35.7 m 3 useable internal area within frame: 13.5 m 2 useable internal area with vestibules: 21 m 2 internal height within frame: 100% greater than 1.8 m weight, frame only: 20 kg estimated cost, frame only: $120 (manufactured in UK) projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 projects 3G shelter joints joints are custom designed provide rigid connection between structural members manufactured by extruding aluminium component weight: 0.2 kg

host SDC/SHA May 2005 frame materials aluminium is used for both the members and joints easily recyclable material increases economic value to beneficiaries reduces the environmental impact associated with camp closure high strength to weight ratio reduces logistics costs and increases portability does not require corrosion protection ductile material easy to extrude can be replaced by galvanised or stainless steel there is a potential problem of beneficiaries selling their shelter projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 durability design subject to a durability hierarchy projects 3G shelter increasing importance

host SDC/SHA May 2005 durability robustness: frame designed to withstand winds of 75 km/h frame can be strengthened by the addition of bracing joints designed to carry significantly higher loads than members repairability: testing shows that failure occurs within 100 mm of end of member members can be adjusted in length to repair damage minimum number of components enables interchangability replaceability: straight members can be replaced by locally available materials such as bamboo or sticks projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 adaptability distributed emergency shelters can often be adapted to: better suit the needs of the beneficiaries allow for cultural differences allow for differences in climatic conditions the frame is designed to facilitate this process vertical walls can support mud brick construction pitched roof can support insulating material or long term improvements such as the addition of tin sheeting height of frame allows roof to be sectioned off to form a ventilated insulation layer common structural form aids user understanding projects 3G shelter photo source: CRS

host SDC/SHA May 2005 modularity tunnel form shelters are modular in one dimension only most recently developed shelters have adopted this shape difficult to use for infrastructure vertical walls enable the frame to be modular in two dimensions modular frames can be used to support large families modular frames can be used to support camp infrastructure projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 manufacture structural members and joints are aluminium extrusions members are a standard size joints require a custom extrusion die ~$1200 extrusion is a well established manufacturing process low production times minimal machining required good quality control consequently: quick response times low production costs projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 procurement there are two commonly followed procurement routes: manufactured subject to framework agreements and stockpiled manufactured in situ from locally procured materials there are advantages to both methods: stockpiling allows fast response to emergency situations manufacturing in situ can make use of the available workforce and can reduce logistics costs there are also disadvantages: stockpiling and air freighting are expensive manufacturing in situ requires technical assistance projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 response options frame design appropriate for both procurement routes can be stockpiled to ensure fast response aluminium industries can be found worldwide allowing local procurement of materials simple nature of frame allows for different response options shelters can be supplied in varying degrees of provision option 1: frame and cover option 2: frame – use plastic sheeting off-the-roll option 3: just joints – locally procure members option 4: locally procure all materials response options may reflect differences in conditions projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 summer research team of 5 volunteers will work on further development complete cover design fabricate cover prototype quantify customisation options investigate modularity load test joint extrusion projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 cover covering still in concept generation stage plastic sheeting off-the-roll tailored solution tailored lining design will aim to: prevent ponding minimise stitching on the outer fly avoid use of guy-ropes vestibule spaces will be added at either end of the shelter increases covered floor area to meet Sphere and UNHCR guidelines creates an easily adaptable space projects 3G shelter

host SDC/SHA May 2005 further studies project aim to investigate the scale and cost of deployment require data: estimated operational and logistical costs per shelter number of shelters deployed annually number of displaced people under operational care if anyone would like to follow the project more closely if anyone would like to follow the summer project more closely projects 3G shelter