Biodiesel

Introduction to Biodiesel  The name "biodiesel" was introduced in the United States in 1992 by the National SoyDiesel Development Board (now the National Biodiesel Board (NBB))  NBB pioneered the commercialization of biodiesel in the U.S.

Introduction to Biodiesel  Biodiesel (fatty acid alkyl esters)  A diesel replacement fuel  Made from natural, renewable sources  Examples: new and used vegetable oils and animal fats  It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications.

Advantages of Biodiesel  Produced domestically.  Helps reduce the United States’ dependence on imported petroleum.  The industry will strengthen the rural, agricultural economy.  A renewable fuel that can be made from agricultural crops.

Advantages of Biodiesel  Considered biodegradable and non-toxic.  Biodiesel blends significantly reduce harmful tail pipe emissions.

Advantages of Biodiesel  Safety benefits over petroleum diesel  Less combustible  The flashpoint is greater than 150°C, compared to 77°C for petroleum diesel.  It is safe to handle, store and transport.

Disadvantages of Biodiesel  Presently the cost of biodiesel is fairly expensive.  Feedstock costs account for a large percent of the direct biodiesel production costs, including capital cost and return.  It takes about 7.3 pounds of soybean oil, which costs about 20 cents per pound, to produce a gallon of biodiesel. Feedstock costs alone, are at least $1.50 per gallon of soy biodiesel.

Disadvantages of Biodiesel  Can slightly increase emissions of oxides of nitrogen which could increase ozone gas levels in the atmosphere.  Has a higher viscosity than conventional diesel and therefore becomes less useful at lower temperatures.

References  Canadian Renewable Fuels Association  Alternative Fuels Data Center