1. Biodiesel & Natural Gas By: Ernesto Castro

2. Biodiesel Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable, fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases. Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable, fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases. Biodiesel is a cleaner burning replacement for petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is a cleaner burning replacement for petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, yellow grease, and tallow Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, yellow grease, and tallow It’s also a nontoxic & biodegradable It’s also a nontoxic & biodegradable

3. Biodiesel Liquid fuel made of fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty acid methyl esters, or long chain mono alkyl esters. Liquid fuel made of fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty acid methyl esters, or long chain mono alkyl esters. Biodiesel is used to fuel compression ignition engines, which run on petroleum diesel Biodiesel is used to fuel compression ignition engines, which run on petroleum diesel The cold-flow properties of biodiesel blends vary depending on the amount of biodiesel in the blend. The cold-flow properties of biodiesel blends vary depending on the amount of biodiesel in the blend. The smaller the percentage of biodiesel in the blend, the better it performs in cold temperatures. The smaller the percentage of biodiesel in the blend, the better it performs in cold temperatures.

4. Biodiesel About 100 pounds of oil or fat are reacted with 10 pounds of a short-chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst or potassium hydroxide to form 100 pounds of biodiesel & 10 pounds of glycerin. About 100 pounds of oil or fat are reacted with 10 pounds of a short-chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst or potassium hydroxide to form 100 pounds of biodiesel & 10 pounds of glycerin. Glycerin which is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, among other markets, is produced as a co- product. Glycerin which is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, among other markets, is produced as a co- product. Biodiesel is distributed from the point of production to retail fueling stations by truck, train, or barge. Biodiesel is distributed from the point of production to retail fueling stations by truck, train, or barge.

5. Biodiesel Advantages: It is safe, biodegradable, and produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. It is safe, biodegradable, and produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. Can be used safely in most diesel engines. Can be used safely in most diesel engines.Disadvantages: Most vehicle manufacturers do not recommend using blends greater than B5. Most vehicle manufacturers do not recommend using blends greater than B5. Engine damage caused by higher blends is not covered by some manufacturer warranties. Engine damage caused by higher blends is not covered by some manufacturer warranties.

6. Natural Gas Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons, predominantly methane. it also contains hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane and other gases such as nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water vapor. Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons, predominantly methane. it also contains hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane and other gases such as nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water vapor. Natural gas has a high octane rating, and excellent properties for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. Natural gas has a high octane rating, and excellent properties for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. It is non-toxic, non-corrosive, and non-carcinogenic. It is non-toxic, non-corrosive, and non-carcinogenic. It haves no threat to soil, surface water, or groundwater. It haves no threat to soil, surface water, or groundwater.

7. Natural Gas Most natural gas is extracted from gas and oil wells. Most natural gas is extracted from gas and oil wells. Smaller amounts are derived from supplemental sources such as synthetic gas, landfill gas and other biogas resources, and coal-derived gas, landfill gas, & other Smaller amounts are derived from supplemental sources such as synthetic gas, landfill gas and other biogas resources, and coal-derived gas, landfill gas, & other Natural gas covers about one quarter of the energy used in the United States. Natural gas covers about one quarter of the energy used in the United States. About third of it goes to residential and commercial uses (One third to industrial uses, and one third to electric power production) About third of it goes to residential and commercial uses (One third to industrial uses, and one third to electric power production)

8. Natural Gas About one tenth of one percent is currently used for transportation. About one tenth of one percent is currently used for transportation. Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV’s) are designed to run only on natural gas, there is also bi-fuel NGV’s that have two separate fueling systems that enables the vehicles to use either one. Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV’s) are designed to run only on natural gas, there is also bi-fuel NGV’s that have two separate fueling systems that enables the vehicles to use either one. Natural gas vehicles are fueled up with compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas Natural gas vehicles are fueled up with compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas Compressed natural gas, and liquefied gas are considered alternative fuels. Compressed natural gas, and liquefied gas are considered alternative fuels.

9. Natural Gas Advantages: NGVs can produce significally lower amounts of harmful emissions. NGVs can produce significally lower amounts of harmful emissions. Service lives two to three years longer than gasoline or diesel vehicles. Service lives two to three years longer than gasoline or diesel vehicles. One of the cleanest burning alternative fuels. One of the cleanest burning alternative fuels. Can be used for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas to fuel cars and trucks. Can be used for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas to fuel cars and trucks.Disadvantages: Only runs on natural gas. Only runs on natural gas. Lower energy content of natural gas. Lower energy content of natural gas. Additional weight may displace payload capacity. Additional weight may displace payload capacity.