1. THINK OUTSIDE THE BARREL …
BIOFUELS
Prof. Dr. Fatma Ashour
2009
THINK OUTSIDE THE BARREL …
THINK GREEN

2. Energy Source from Biological Resources
Meaning of Biofuel
Bio
Biological Resources
Energy Source
Fuel
Energy Source from Biological Resources
Bio
Fuel

3. Biodiesel

4. Feedstock (Raw Material)
Fats
Animal Fat
Oils
Edible Oils
Non-edible Oils
Waste Vegetable Oil
Soybean
Rapeseed
Jatropha
WVO

5. Production
Reaction
Washing
Separator
Mixing

6. Bioethanol

7. Feedstock (Raw Material)

8. Production

9. Cellulosic Ethanol

10. Algae Diesel

11. Biomass Energy Crops Agricultural and Forestry Wastes Industrial and
Consumer Wastes

12. Biomass

13. Biogas

14. Biogas Production Steps

15. BioHydrogen

16. BTL (Biomass-to-Liquid)

17. Biofuels vs. Fossil Fuels

18. Biofuels: Strengths & Opportunities
Fossil fuels contribute to global warming by increasing GHG emissions
Biofuels reduce GHG emissions (closed carbon dioxide cycle)
Fossils
Biofuels

19. Biofuels: Strengths & Opportunities
Energy Security:
Decrease dependency on crude oil
Decrease imports of crude oil
Energy diversification
Renewable
Less toxic
Sustainable use of otherwise problematic waste products

20. Biofuels: Strengths & Opportunities
Economic Benefits
Economic use of wasteland
Useful co-products
Carbon Credit Opportunities
Additional distribution channel for agricultural products
Decentralized production and thus strengthen rural economies

21. Biofuels: Weaknesses & Threats
The biofuel market is a relatively new market
Feedstock production of biofuels is in competition with food production
Feedstock production may be land consuming
Feedstock production largely depends on many vagaries of nature

22. Biofuels: Weaknesses & Threats
Economic viability: Fuel prices largely depend on the sale of co-products
Lower energy content per volume than fossil fuels

23. Special Advantages of Biodiesel
The properties of biodiesel (viscosity, ignition properties) are similar to those of fossil diesel.
Cetane number and lubricating effect of biodiesel are significantly higher than fossil diesel.
The toxicity of biodiesel is lower compared to fossil diesel.
Biodiesel can be blended with petrodiesel at any ratio.

24. Special Advantages of Bioethanol
Ethanol has a high octane number.
Ethanol contains 35% oxygen which reduces particulate and NOx emissions from combustion when compared to the combustion of petrol.
Combustion of ethanol results in low CO emissions.
Bioethanol can be blended with gasoline at any ratio.
Ethanol contains no sulfur, causing no emissions of sulfur oxides.

25. Biofuels Market

26. The Effect of Moderating Oil Prices
At oil prices over US$50 per barrel, biofuels are a cost-effective option to displace conventional gasoline and diesel fuel for transport.
At world crude oil prices of US$80 to $US100 per barrel, biofuels from a wide variety of cellulosic feedstock, including crop residues and forest residues as well as crops that are not common today, would be cost-competitive.
Since biofuels can be produced from many different feedstock that are grown under very different conditions in many different places, there are considerable cost differentials and thus significant opportunities for biofuels trade

27. International Tendencies (Brazil)

28. International Tendencies (Africa)
Bioethanol Production Africa 2006: 606,000 liters = 1.2% global production (US + Brazil: 75% global production)