An Age of Reform 1880 - 1920 Chapter 21

Warm-up 4-7-14 No Folders No Talking Think of what Reform means to you. Be ready to discuss if you are called upon. Instructions for Booklet: Front Cover: Title: Age of Reform 1880-1920 First and Last Name; Period Number Number the pages after the title page 1-16 Pages after 16 Page 17: Monday Exit Ticket; Page 18: Tuesday Warm-up; Page 19: Tuesday Exit Ticket

Vocabulary Reform Labor Union Changes made to improve something an organized association of workers, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

Vocabulary Prohibition Suffrage A national movement to ban the manufacture, sale, transportation, or use of alcoholic beverages. Suffrage The right to vote.

Vocabulary Populism Progressivism A political movement of the common people that resulted in the formation of the People’s Party Progressivism Social reform movement based on improving society through power of the government

Changes made to improve something Reform Prohibition Changes made to improve something A national movement to ban the manufacture, sale, transportation, or use of alcoholic beverages. Suffrage Populism The right to vote. A political movement of the common people that resulted in the formation of the People’s Party Progressivism Social reform movement based on improving society through power of the government

Demands for Change By the late 1880’s Texas was changing rapidly Most Texans still lived in rural areas The state’s urban population was increasing rapidly Reform Movements Education Prohibition Women’s Rights Populism Movement started by rural Texans who felt like their voice was not being heard Progressivism Movement started by urban Texans who wanted improved conditions in cities Minority Rights Texans began to feel like their government was not keeping up with the changing times People demanded reforms to the state’s laws and policies Changes

Reform Movements Education Constitution of 1876 addressed education Funds for public schools Poll tax State school tax began in 1883 State Superintendent of Public Instruction was elected and counties began to create school districts Commercial farming and industry required an increased emphasis on training that prepared students for jobs By 1910 almost 1 million children attended Texas schools

Reform Movements Prohibition Movement The 18th Amendment (1918) In Texas this was led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union Temperance is the avoidance of alcohol “Dry” Counties By 1911, 166 Texas counties had become dry No alcohol sales 59 others were partially dry The 18th Amendment (1918)

Women’s Rights Movement Reform Movements Women’s Rights Movement The Constitution of 1876 denied women suffrage Women’s rights groups formed in 1903 Texas Equal Suffrage Association Texas Women won the right to vote in primaries in 1918 19th Amendment (1919)

Reform Movements Populism New Political Party The Peoples Party or Populist Party Were successful in bringing the interests of rural Texans into national focus The movement faded by 1896 but many of its ideas were adopted by the Democratic Party

Became Texas Attorney General in 1886 Reform Movements James Stephen Hogg Became Texas Attorney General in 1886 Led the fight for reform of large corporations Helped breakup the states railroad trust Hogg was elected governor in 1890 because of Populist support Formed the Texas Railroad Commission in 1891 to oversee all railroad operations

Reform Movements Progressivism New labor laws Other changes Limit on number of hours employees work per day Child Labor Laws Eliminate use of blacklists Eliminate use of script Labor Unions (Strikes) Other changes State banking system Food and drug inspections Improved conditions in prisons

Reform Movements James E. Ferguson Elected governor in 1915 As governor he was most concerned with helping poor tenant farmers Earned him the nickname “Farmer Jim” He pushed for more child labor laws and education reforms He made a lot of enemies In 1917 the Texas legislature approved charges to impeach him Ferguson resigned the next day but the legislature impeached him anyways Child Labor Laws Eliminate use of blacklists Eliminate use of script Labor Unions (Strikes)

Disaster Leads to Change Galveston Hurricane of 1900 Hit Galveston on September 9, 1900 120 mile per hour winds 20 foot waves The city of Galveston which had been Texas most important port city was destroyed 6,000 people were killed Known as the worst natural disaster in United States History Galveston’s old form of government could not handle the huge task of rebuilding A new form of city government was created Commission In a Commission voters elect commissioners with different areas of expertise to run the city Galveston was rebuilt by building a 17 foot high sea wall and pumping sand from the Gulf to raise the city several feet

Reforms and Setbacks African Americans Hispanics African Americans were becoming actively involved in labor unions 1912 Houston residents formed a chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) New Challenges The 1902 poll tax prevented many African Americans from voting Jim Crow Laws Segregation Restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, schools, etc… Hispanics Hispanics held some political power in the late 1800’s Hispanics were also active in labor unions New Challenges Jim Crow Laws Segregation Restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, schools, etc…