Santé animale et compétitivité des filières en Afrique: comment lever les contraintes sanitaires CSA / OCDE - août 2008 Dr Bernard Vallat, Director General

OIE - SOME KEY FACTS World Organisation for Animal Health Established in 1924: 172 Members Intergovernmental organisation – predates the UN Permanent Regional Representations: Bamako (Mali), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Tokyo (Japan), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Beirut (Lebanon) Sub-regional Offices: Bangkok (Thailand), Gaborone (Botswana), Panama, Brussels (Belgium) Regional Commissions: Africa, America, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Middle East

OIE MANDATE Historical: ‘To prevent animal diseases from spreading around the world’ The 4th Strategic Plan 2006/2010 extends the OIE’s global mandate to: ‘ ‘The improvement of animal health all around the world’

ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION OIE OBJECTIVES to ensure transparency in the global animal disease and zoonosis situation to collect, analyse and disseminate scientific veterinary information

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OIE OBJECTIVES to promulgate health standards for the safety of international trade in animals and animal products and animal disease surveillance (within its WTO mandate) to contribute to food safety and food security and to promote animal welfare, through a science-based approach

ACTIVITIES OF VETERINARY SERVICES OIE OBJECTIVES to provide expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases to improve the legal framework and resources of national Veterinary Services

Adopted by consensus of OIE Members Official references of the World Trade Organisation (SPS Agreement) OIE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS Terrestrial & Aquatic Animal Health Code Containing disease standards Terrestrial & Aquatic Manual Containing techniques for diagnostis and quality requirements for vaccines Available at

OIE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROBLEM Specialist Commissions Review Advice of experts or other Specialist Commissions Draft text COMMITTEE Delegates Adoption COMMITTEE, COMMISSIONS, DELEGATES 1 2 Comments Standard setting procedure

OIE standards One country – one voice - Africa: 30% of votes Prepared on the basis of a meticulous risk analysis. Importing countries need to reduce the use of arbitrary risk analysis methods, and adopt OIE standards systematically No ZERO RISK The Code already contains recommendations on commodities that are safe to trade.

How to improve the OIE standards? More structured and logical presentation : 1.Live animals 2.Specific animal products Sufficiently detailed information on products that have been processed to render them safe: regardless of the country’s animal health status Taking into account best practice in: 1.Industrial and food technologies 2.Advances in understanding of pathogen behaviour and inactivation.

OIE will advocate for: A change of attitude that results in import bans on countries that meet their OIE obligations by reporting diseases Such approach is acceptable as an interim measure, while awaiting precise information Bans should be replaced by protection measures based on OIE standards and recommendation on each commodities as quickly as possible.

OIE will advocate for: The development of new research programmes on important trade issues. eg. better knowledge of the conditions under which FMD virus survives or not during meat maturation However, it is important not to adopt an approach based solely on pathogen inactivation, which could lead to relaxing efforts to prevent and control animal diseases based on surveillance

Importance of OIE policies Positive impact on poverty reduction and public health Justification for improving financing of VS to maintain surveillance networks and rapid response teams To deal with animal health threats as they emerge and/or are recognised

OIE standards on the quality of VS Compliance with OIE standards is a prerequisite to  effective surveillance  reliable and credible certification Allowing countries to gain access to regional and global markets without posing a risk to animal health and public health.

Good Governance of Veterinary Services Requirements for all countries Need for appropriate legislation and implementation through national animal health systems providing for:  Early detection, Transparency, Notification  Rapid response to animal disease outbreaks  Biosecurity  Compensation  Vaccination when appropriate

 Building and maintaining efficient epidemiosurveillance networks and territorial meshing in the entire national territory, potentially for all animal diseases...  a responsibility of Governments  Concept of ‘Quality of Services’ adopted by all OIE Members  Horizontal versus vertical investments  Chain of command and “decentralization” Good Governance of Veterinary Services

Market access From West Africa (animals and products) Existing markets Potential Markets: cattle, small ruminants, horses, camels, poultry, ostriches Main constraints: animal diseases

Animal diseases Main epizootics: Rinderpest Peste de petits ruminants Foot and Mouth Disease African Horse sickness Rift valley fever Solutions exist for all

Certification Standards on quality Use of PVS evaluation tool More than 30 African countries already evaluated Gap analysis and relations with donors

OIE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services OIE PVS TOOL

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS Human, physical and financial resources Technical authority and capability Interaction with stakeholders Access to markets OIE PVS TOOL

External independent evaluation Upon request of the country according to its context To assess Compliance with OIE Standards Strengths / Weaknesses Gaps / areas for improvement Not an audit OIE PVS APPROACH

Experts trained and certified by the OIE Assessment based on facts & evidence, not impressions Donors have accepted the OIE PVS official procedure in the evaluation of the performance of VS A prerequisite and a guide in helping countries request national and/or international financial support needed to make improvements OIE PVS APPROACH

Existing OIE tools in Africa Regional Representation Bamako (Mali) Sub-Regional Representations Gaborone (Botswana) Tunis (Tunisia) Others Concept of Regional Centres of animal health Relations with RECs

Short term investment Compliance with international standards on quality Legislation – drugs and vaccines control Control of epizootics Reduction of non epizootic diseases burden

Middle and Long term investments Building veterinary scientific community Regional reference laboratories and collaborating centres Investment in animal production

Global Public Good Global public goods are goods whose benefits extend to all countries, people and generations.

Global Public Good  In the case of eradication of infectious diseases, the benefits are international and inter­generational in scope.  Countries depend on each other  Inadequate action by a single country can jeopardize others  Failure of one country may endanger the planet.

Activities of Veterinary Services Veterinary Services are a Global Public Good with beneficial effects for:  Poverty Alleviation Securing assets (capital, animal) Increasing productivity  Market Access: local, regional and international  Public Health: food safety and food security  Win-win contract

Thank you for your attention

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