Course 02 Basic Concepts assist. eng. Jánó Rajmond, PhD

Informatics? A broad academic field encompassing computer science, human-computer interaction, information science, information technology and algorithms. Studies the structure, algorithms, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial systems which store, process, access, and communicate information.

Definitions Data values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items Information a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals

Definitions Informational system an ensemble of elements involved in the process of collecting, transmitting and processing information Computer an informational system that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations

Hardware and Software

Hardware Configuration 1 – monitor 2 – motherboard 3 – central processing unit (CPU) 4 – memory (RAM) 5 – graphical processing unit (GPU) 6 – power source 7 – optical unit (CD, DVD, Blu-ray) 8 – hard disk (HDD) 9 – keyboard 10 – mouse

BIOS defines the firmware interface initializes and tests system hardware components loads the bootloader or OS from a memory device

Motherboard main printed circuit board (PCB) holds and interconnects crucial components: memory, HDD, CPU, GPU

Motherboard divided in two main parts: – Southbridge – Northbridge

Motherboard Gigabyte Z87X-OC Force – RON

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main characteristics: clock speed (Hz) no. of cores no of. threads per core

Central Processing Unit (CPU) fan heat sink CPU

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Intel® Core TM i7-4770K, Haswell– RON

Memory (RAM) Volatile data storage. Main characteristics: clock speed (Hz) type (SRAM, DRAM, DDRAM) size installed

Memory (RAM) Kingston 16 GB 1600 MHz DDR3 Non-ECC CL9 DIMM XMP – 850 RON

Hard Disk (storage unit) Non-volatile data storage. Main characteristics: type (HDD, SSD) size (3.5 inch, 2.5 inch) size (GB, TB) speed (in RPM) HDD SSD

Hard Disk (storage unit) HDD Western Digital 4 TB – RON SSD Samsung 840 EVO Basic – RON

Size Does Matter… in Engineering! 1 byte (B) 1 kilobyte (KB)= 2 10 B = 1024 B 1 megabyte (MB) = 2 20 B = 1024 KB 1 gigabyte (GB)= 2 30 B = 1024 MB 1 terabyte (TB)= 2 40 B = 1024 GB 1 petabyte= 2 50 B = 1024 TB

Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) Special processing unit for graphics. Main characteristics: clock speed (Hz) installed memory (GB) I/O ports

Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) PNY nVidia K2000 video card – RON

Still missing… Case Power source Optical drive Keyboard Mouse

Monitor Main characteristics: size technology resolution refresh rate Dell U ”– RON

Let’s connect the dots! Port/Connector: Parallel/DB-25 Use: Printers and other Port/Connector: Serial/DE-9 Use: Cash registers, POS, other Port/Connector: PS/2/mini-DIN Use: keyboard, mouse Port/Connector: USB/USB 2.x, 3.0 Use: universal Port/Connector: VGA/DE-15 Use: Video Port/Connector: HDMI/HDMI Use: Audio + Video Port/Connector: Audio/Audio jack Use: Audio input/output

Build your dream system! 1.Access the website of your favorite PC components supplier (emag.ro, pcgarage.ro, pcfun.ro is you need help) 2.Build a custom PC from parts a.Select: Motherboard, RAM, CPU, GPU, HDD, Optical Drive, Case, Power Source, Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor(s) + any extras you want b.Calculate total price c.All selected components should be opened in separate tabs and documented in Excel 30 mins.

Blade systems a single board populated with processors, memories and/or storage with networking capabilities thinner and need less cooling than traditional systems are more cost effective and consume less power are designed to be stacked into existing cases and work together to form a single system

Blade systems Standard 19” cabinet Incorporates equipment of different types (computational units, routers, power supplies, etc.)

Virtual Machines software emulation of a physical machine offers support to replicate a complete machine with software run multiple OS-s on a single device

Identifying hardware configurations Using CPU-Z and/or the OS identify the following on your systems: CPU name and maximum clock frequency motherboard name installed memory size and type installed graphics card and memory size screen resolution

Hardware ID! Tasks: 1.Download and install CPU-Z 2.Identify the following: a)Processor name and codename b)Processor socket c)Motherboard manufacturer and chipset manufacturer d)RAM memory type and available quantity e)GPU brand 15 mins.

Let’s get dirty! Tasks: 1.Power off and unplug the computer 2.Unplug all peripheral devices 3.Remove side pane and expose inside 4.Unplug peripherals devices from motherboard 5.Remove RAM memory 6.Remove fan, cooler and CPU 7.Clean CPU from any old thermal paste residue 8.Apply thermal paste to CPU 9.Reassemble everything! 45 mins.

Operating systems An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Operating systems Main functions: provide communication between the user and hardware control program execution ensure optimal resource allocation facilitate efficient data processing ensure system security enable application development

Operating systems Main components: core (kernel) contains the necessary programs for optimal resource management and for controlling the activity of programs and applications user interface (shell) software interface that provides the user access to the services of the kernel

Operating systems Most popular MacOS family Linux family MS-DOS Microsoft Windows family iOS family Android family …and many more Personal Computer Embedded systems

Operating systems

Operating systems - PCs

Operating systems - MobDev

Operating systems 32 bit (x86) vs. 64 bit (x64) Do you have more than 3 GB of RAM installed? Install x86 OS No Install x64 OS Yes

Operating systems Disk partitioning the act of dividing a hard disk drive into multiple logical storage units referred to as partitions, to treat one physical disk drive as if it were multiple disks, so that different file systems can be used on each partition

Operating systems File system file system (or filesystem) is used to control how information is stored and retrieved without a file system, information placed in a storage area would be one large body of information with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins

Operating systems File systems for Windows: FAT – File Allocation Table (multiple versions) – max. file size: 4 GB NTFS – New Technology File System (multiple versions) – max. file size: 16 TB (Windows 7), 256 TB (Windows 8) – usually faster that FAT32

Operating systems Disk partitioning always create at least a system partition * and a data partition always format the system partition when reinstalling the OS * system partition should have at least 100 GB disk space for Windows 7 and newer and should be formatted as NTFS

What did we learn today? computer hardware configurations and components PC disassembly, part identification and maintenance operating system role, components and installation file systems and disk space management

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