2.  Chasis / System cabinet  A plastic enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse) System Unit Tower topAll in oneDesktop Information Technology Chapter 03

3.  The central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers that holds many of the crucial components of the system, providing connectors for other peripherals.  Mainboard / System board  Communication medium for entire computer Information Technology Chapter 03

5.  Processor/Brain of computer  A complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip  The portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.  Multi core processor: single chipcontaining two or more processors Information Technology Chapter 03

6.  Dual core processors: Single chip containing two processors  Quad core processors: Single chip containing four separate processors Information Technology Chapter 03

7. 1. Arithmetic & Logic unit ◦ Arithmetic operations and logical comparisons 2. Control unit ◦ Controls and coordinates all activities of a computer system by issuing necessary commands 1.Fetches instruction from main memory 2.Interprets instruction to find what operation to perform 3.Controls execution of instruction Information Technology Chapter 03

8. 1. Fetch -get an instruction from Main Memory 2. Decode -translate it into computer commands 3. Execute -actually process the command 4. Store -write the result to Main Memory CPU / Information Technology Chapter 03

9.  Set of all instructions that a cpu can perform 1.Arithmetic instructions 2.Logical instructions 3.Data transfer instructions 4.Control transfer instructions  Used to change the sequence of instructions of a program Information Technology Chapter 03

10.  Electronic component that generates electric signals at fast speed  It controls all the functions of computer using clock ticks  The power of a CPU is determined by the speed with which it processes data. The more instructions in a second, faster will be the CPU.  Processor speed is measured in MHz (million instruction/sec) and GHz (billion instruction/sec) Information Technology Chapter 03

11.  Processor register is a small amount of storage available as part of a CPU  Used to store information being processed  Register size  How much information it can store (one/ two/ four/ eight bytes)  CU manages registers for: ◦ Input instruction or data ◦ Store instruction or data ◦ Transfer instruction or data ◦ Perform ALU operations at high speed Information Technology Chapter 03

12.  A component designed to lower the temperature of an electronic device by dissipating heat into the surrounding air.  All modern CPUs require a heat sink. Some also require a fan.  A heat sink without a fan is called a passive heat sink; a heat sink with a fan is called an active heat sink.  Heat sinks are generally made of an aluminum alloy and often have fins. Information Technology Chapter 03

13.  Data and instructions to be executed are stored in memory  It stores: ◦ Operating system and other system software to control the use of computer system ◦ Application programs to perform specific tasks ◦ Data to be processed by application programs Information Technology Chapter 03

14.  Volatile Memory: RAM  Non Volatile Memory : ROM Information Technology Chapter 03

15.  Generates output images to a display  A special circuit board that controls what is shown on a computer monitor and calculates 3D images and graphics.  Amount of memory located on card must be enough to support the desired numbers of colours and resolution  Its capacity is 32 MB today Information Technology Chapter 03

16.  Enhances the sound generating capabilities of a computer  Takes input from microphone converts it into machine language  Sends audio output to speakers Information Technology Chapter 03

17.  Network interface controller / network adapter/ LAN adapter  This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among small groups of computers on the same LAN and large- scale network communications through routable protocols, connects a computer to a computer network. Information Technology Chapter 03

18.  A kind of television tuner that allows television signals to be received by a computer Information Technology Chapter 03

19.  A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.  The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data Information Technology Chapter 03

20.  Used to add memory, disk drives, sound, fax, modem and other capabilities to a mobile computer like laptop Information Technology Chapter 03

21.  In computer hardware, a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices.  A port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects. Information Technology Chapter 03

22.  Ports has different connectors.  The various connectors on the computer allow it to communicate with the many different devices and peripherals attached.  Connectors are called input/output ports (i/o ports) or communication ports. Information Technology Chapter 03

23.  A standard-sized area for adding hardware to a computer. Most drive bays are fixed to the inside of a case, but some can be removed.  A simple way to add, remove, and share hardware devices  External/ Exposed drive bay: ◦ Used to access the drive from outside the system  Internal / Hidden drive bay: ◦ It is hidden inside the system unit e.g for hard disk Information Technology Chapter 03

24.  Power supply converts the alternating current (AC) line from our home to the direct current (DC) needed by the internal components of personal computer  The typical voltages supplied are:  3.3 volts  5 volts  12 volts Information Technology Chapter 03