ISLAM - “to submit” “There is no god but Allah: Muhammad is the prophet of Allah” Call to prayer

Muhammad “The Prophet” 570 CE in Mecca raised by an Uncle –Quraish clan Hermit: spent time in solitude –prayed in mtn caves –Angel Gabriel appeared to him “RECITE” became QURAN Ramadan was t/month that Quran was recited to Mu. Khadija –1st convert to Islam –Muhammad’s 1st wife –merchant

HEJIRA 622 CE first year of Muslim Calendar migration of Mu. & Muslims fm Mecca to Medina –Medina (City o/t Prophet) 2nd holiest site in Islam 630 CE: war w/ Meccan’s –captures Mecca dedicates KA’ABA to Allah smashes all idols holiest site in Islam

Muhammad’s Miracles Heart cleansed with snow by two angels ascension to heaven: –Dome o/t RockDome o/t Rock 1500 Muslims drank water from one vessel from Mu’s hand

FIVE PILLARS of ISLAM Proclamation of Faith Prayer five times a day –facing Mecca Alms (charity) to the poor & aged Fasting during Ramadan –Gabriel spoke to Mu –Hejira –no food/water btwn sunrise & sunset Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca ONCE in a lifetime KA’ABA in MECCA

The QURAN Muslim holy book –sits at the right hand of Allah exact word of Allah as revealed to Mu. by Angel Gabriel –God becomes the Word SHARIA LAW –authority on religion, politics, law, economics & social life –forbidden to translate from Arabic link btwn all Muslims

Quranic teachings “people of the book” –Jews & Christians –treat w/ tolerance be merciful & compassionate repeat 1st Pillar three times in front of male Muslim to become a Muslim “I divorce you” x3 Paradise or Hell (Judgment Day) Hadith: traditional sayings o/t prophet Inshallah (the will of God) –Belief in predestination –God controls all that happens

GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM 1st four Caliphs: successors to the Prophet The Arab-Islamic Conquest

EXPANSION OF ISLAM ARAB-MUSLIM CONQUESTARAB-MUSLIM CONQUEST Arab armies united by their belief in Islam Muslim warriors who died in combat won a place in Paradise –Jihad lure of riches (loot) tolerant conquerors –special non-believers tax Commerce spread The WAQF is born:

Islamic Sects (divisions) Sunni Muslims –any devout male Muslim can be Caliph –high moral character –majority Shi’ites (Shiah or Shia) –only descendents of Muhammad can be Caliph –12th Imam will return on Judgement Day –only Imams can guide Muslims to salvation –minority (except Iran & Iraq) Sufism: mystical Islam

Islamic Art

Mosques What is a minaret? ____________________________ What is a muezzin? ____________________________

Islamic Customs and Laws Follow strict dietary laws- –HALAL - name of Allah must be mentioned while animal is slaughtered – –Can’t eat pork Can’t drink alcohol No gambling Can’t kill animals for sport Strict punishments for crimes- In some strongly Muslim countries there’s little difference between religious laws and country laws. (i.e. Shari’ah) 99 names for God/Allah: How to pray:

Women in Islam Men & women are spiritual equals Hijab shows Muslim identity –recognize intelligence, not sexuality –seen as feminine Surah 4:3: If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two or three or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly, then marry only one. Hadith: “seeking knowledge is mandatory for all Muslims”

The Islamic (Arab) Empires Umayyad Dynasty ( CE) –Damascus is capital –emphasized Arab culture Arabic main language gov’t jobs went to Arabs Abbasid Dynasty ( CE) –Baghdad (God given) is capital –more than 1 million ppl –Muslim more important than being Arab –built libraries, hospitals, irrigation, mosques, schools

Golden Age of Islam (1st four Caliphs: successors to the Prophet) Abu-Bakr ( CE) Mu’s father-in-law –Ayesha united all Arab tribes Umar ( ) –Ridda Wars –captured Baghdad & Jerusalem –most of Persia conquered –murdered by Persian slave Uthman ( ) –captured Egypt & N. Africa –assassinated by fellow Muslims Ali ( ) –Mu’s son-in-law (Fatima) –assassinated by own people The Arab-Islamic Conquest