Core 1 HSC PDHPE 2013

The nature of cardiovascular disease  What are the 3 main cardiovascular conditions?  coronary heart disease  stroke  peripheral vascular disease  One of the major contributing factors to cardiovascular disease is a build-up of fatty tissue on the inside lining of the arteries.  What is this the name given to this build up/condition?  Atherosclerosis

Coronary heart disease  Most common type of cardiovascular disease (20% of all CVD deaths)  Blood supply to the heart is decreased by a narrowing (atherosclerosis) in one or more of the coronary arteries.  May result in chest pain (Angina) or heart attack Click on the Heart Foundation Logo to find out more about coronary heart disease

Cerebrovascular disease  Disease of the arteries of the brain  Interruption of the blood supply to the brain may result in a ‘stroke’.  The effects of a stroke will depend on which part of the brain has had its blood supply restricted.

Peripheral vascular disease  Type of cardiovascular disease that affects the blood vessels in the limbs.  Hardening of the arteries that interferes with blood supply to the muscles and skin is known as arteriosclerosis.  Linked to smoking, and diabetes.  Can result in gangrene and possibly limb amputation.

Extent of and trends in cardiovascular disease  What do we know about CVD?  Leading cause of death in Australia  2 nd highest rate of disease/illness in Aust.  What conclusions can drawn from the graphs above?

 Death rates are going down  More males than females die from CVD  Coronary Heart Disease higher mortality rate than Cerebrovascular Disease

Why are deaths rates decreasing for CVD?  improved medical care (for example, drugs to manage blood pressure)  a reduction in risk behaviour that contributes to cardiovascular disease (for example, smoking).  Click here to find out more about Percutaneous coronary intervention. Click here to find out more about Percutaneous coronary intervention.

Risk factors and protective factors for cardiovascular disease Make a list of the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for CVD. Non - ModifiableModifiable Non - ModifiableModifiable Age Smoking Heredity High Blood Pressure Gender High Blood Fats (Cholesterol) Overweight and Obese Lack of Physical Activity Poor Nutrition Diabetes Alcohol abuse/Binge Drinking Click here to find out more on smoking and CVD.

Protective factors  Protective factors are the opposite of risk factors in that they help lower a person’s chances of developing heart disease.  What can we do to minimise our risk of developing CVD?

 Quit smoking  Enjoy healthy eating  Maintain healthy levels of blood pressure and blood cholesterol  Visit the doctor regularly  Be physically active  Achieve and maintain a healthy weight Protective factors

Socio-cultural, socio-economic and environmental determinants  Sociocultural determinants  Cardiovascular disease has higher rates in some population groups, e.g. ATSI peoples are three times more likely to die from it than other Australians.  those aged over 55 years accounting for 78 percent of hospitalisations for cardiovascular disease.

SSocioeconomic determinants EEducation, employment status, income and wealth all play a part in rates of cardiovascular disease. SSmoking, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, and poor eating habits are higher among low socioeconomic groups Socio-cultural, socio-economic and environmental determinants

EEnvironmental determinants UUrban development can restrict the availability and accessibility of environments for physical activity.

Groups at risk TThe groups most at risk include: ppeople who smoke ppeople who are overweight/obese ppeople with high blood pressure and/or cholesterol levels ppeople with a family history of CVD AAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples mmales; older people; lower SES group