P REVENTING L OSS OF C ONTROL A CCIDENTS P REVENTING L OSS OF C ONTROL A CCIDENTS

Special Emphasis Area

GA Joint Steering Committee GA Fatal Accidents,

GA Joint Steering Committee GA Fatal Accidents, LOC-I Accidents ≈ 3 x CFIT Accidents! LOC-I > CFIT + SCF-PP + LALT + OTHR + UNK

GA Joint Steering Committee GA Fatal Accidents, Drill Down: LOC-I by Phase of Flight

Loss of Control Working Group Detailed Implementation Plans Transition Training & Type Clubs Transition Training & Type Clubs Stabilized Approaches & Landings Stabilized Approaches & Landings Risk-Based Flight Reviews Risk-Based Flight Reviews Single-Pilot CRM Single-Pilot CRM Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) Angle of Attack Systems Angle of Attack Systems

Discussion Transition training is not uniformly applied, leading to accidents resulting from unfamiliarity with the airframe and/or equipment. — What is your approach to transition training, and how might type club resources be used?

Discussion Emphasize stabilized approaches under scenarios that include wind, botched landings, and go-arounds. — What techniques do you use when teaching stabilized approaches under varying conditions?

Discussion Incorporate a special emphasis area into flight reviews to address regional and national safety concerns. — What are some considerations that should go into the formulation of a flight review syllabus?

Discussion Incorporate a special emphasis area into flight reviews to address regional and national safety concerns. — What local safety issues do you cover during flight reviews, and how are they presented?

Discussion Increase the GA community’s awareness of best practices regarding single-pilot CRM operational techniques. — How do you see CRM concepts improving safety during single-pilot operations?

Discussion Increase the GA community’s awareness of best practices regarding single-pilot CRM operational techniques. — What techniques do you pass on to improve a pilot’s cockpit resource management?

Discussion Focus on ADM in preflight planning and the use of Flight Risk Assessment Tools (FRATs). — When and how do you introduce ADM concepts into flight training?

Discussion Focus on ADM in preflight planning and the use of Flight Risk Assessment Tools (FRATs). — What types of scenarios do you use to evaluate a pilot’s decision-making ability?

Discussion — What risk assessment tools have you found to be effective with trainees?

Discussion Incorporate AOA education into training at all levels; encourage installation and use of AOA systems for improved awareness of stall margin. — How do you translate classroom discussions about AOA into real world flying scenarios?

Discussion Recall that fatal inflight loss of control occurs most often during the maneuvering phase, that is, while performing a turn of some kind.

Discussion 874 pilots were asked, “What is the primary control surface you use when turning an airplane?”* 63% responded Aileron 63% responded Aileron 23% responded Rudder 23% responded Rudder 14% responded Elevator 14% responded Elevator * Surveys during LOC webinars by R. Stowell,

Discussion The FAA’s Airplane Flying Handbook unequivocally and correctly states: Confusion over control usage while maneuvering can contribute to LOC-I

Discussion — How do you teach turn dynamics vis-à-vis AOA, airspeed, G-load, and energy state awareness? Graphic: Emergency Maneuver Training, R. Stowell, p. 53

Discussion Typical V-G Diagram, Utility Category, FAA-H A (PHAK), p — How can the info on a V-G diagram be used to teach AOA awareness?

Discussion — How do/might you integrate the use of AOA displays into training?

Review Loss of Control-Inflight (LOC-I) results from situations in which the pilot should have either maintained or regained control of the aircraft, but did not. LOC-I remains by far the top occurrence category for fatal accidents in general aviation and is a special emphasis area for the FAA.

The magnitude of the LOC-I problem The magnitude of the LOC-I problem Maneuvering as a critical phase for LOC-I Maneuvering as a critical phase for LOC-I Placing special emphasis on LOC-I awareness and prevention during training Placing special emphasis on LOC-I awareness and prevention during training Summary During this forum, we discussed:

Areas where instructors can have a direct and immediate impact on LOC-I education: Areas where instructors can have a direct and immediate impact on LOC-I education: Transition Training Transition Training Approaches & Landings Approaches & Landings Risk-Based Flight Reviews Risk-Based Flight Reviews Single-Pilot CRM and ADM Single-Pilot CRM and ADM AOA Awareness, esp. while Maneuvering AOA Awareness, esp. while Maneuvering Summary During this forum, we discussed:

This presentation would not have been possible without the generous help and support of the following: Your Forum Facilitator FAA Safety Team SAFE Rich Stowell, MCFI-A Created August 2013