Spanish American War & WWI I.Intro II.Spanish-American War Why & Results III.WWI (1914/17-18) A.Battle-front 1.Background…why? 2.Origins-Wilson 3.US & War B.Home-front A.Big Government B.Society & Economy Key Terms Yellow Press The Maine Francis Ferdinand Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram Selective Service Act William McAdo Anti-German Hysteria

Spanish-American War (1898) US vs. Spain Controversy over Cuba; Cuba was a Spanish colony. US President: William McKinley ( )

Journalism Yellow Press Journalists who stretched the facts to sell papers Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst were key publishers Compare to National Inquirer Comic Character: The Yellow Kid

The Maine (2/98) USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor

The Maine (February, 1898) 226 Americans killed Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

“ Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain…”

USS Maine: Anchor & Mast (Arlington National Cemetery)

Dewey’s Route To The Philippines May 1, 1898 Admiral Dewey steamed into Manila Bay Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Results: “A Splendid Little War” A new hero emerged: Theodore Roosevelt Only lasted 6 weeks US won; about 379 died in combat US acquired an overseas empire Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

Results: The Cost Over 5,000 died from disease or other problems Did the empire violate American principles…?

WWI Alliances & Major Powers (1914/17-18) Allies Great Britain France Russia Serbia Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Turkey

Spark Assassinated in Sarajevo by Serbians; June, 1914 Francis Ferdinand & wife; heir to throne in Austria-Hungary

WWI Alliances & Major Powers (1914/17-18) Allies Great Britain France Russia Serbia Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Turkey

US President Goal: Wanted US to remain neutral Woodrow Wilson ( )

What Events Led US To Fight? 1.German Submarine warfare 2.Zimmerman Telegram

Road To War: Lusitania New York newspapers carried warnings like this from the German embassy. Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Road To War: Lusitania Americans were warned not to go on ship. Lusitania (British passenger liner) Torpedoed in ,200 died (128 Americans). Germany pledged to stop sub-warfare.

Zimmerman Telegram (1917) 1.Mexico should attack US. 2.Germany would help Mexico defeat US. 3.Mexico would recapture land previously lost to US. Message from German Foreign Minister to Mexican Government:

Germany’s Gamble In 1917 (If they acted quickly, they could end the war) US declared war (1917): The gamble failed!

WWI Alliances & Major Powers (1914/17-18) Allies Great Britain France Russia Serbia Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Turkey United States

US Contributions To War Effort 1.Supplies & US troops provided emotional lift. 2.A cease-fire, ending the fighting, went into effect November 11, Wounded Marine Near Toulon, France in 1918

Selective Service Act (Draft) (1917) 1.All males became eligible. 2.Lottery system was developed. 3.1 in 5 draftees were born outside US. Sheet Music For A New Song

Recruiting Posters

How To Pay For WWI Secretary of Treasury Income tax rates were raised They borrowed William McAdo

Liberty Bonds Posters Encouraged People to Buy War Bonds Actor Douglas Fairbanks at a War Bond Rally

Economy Economic Boom! Manufacturing increased 33% Real wages increased 20% Mining Industry “Boomed;” Poster Printed In Several Languages Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Michigan’s Economy & WWI State of MI subsidized farmers (25% production increase) Automobile production increased fourfold Camp Custer (Battle Creek) –$10 million in revenue Soldiers resting during basic training at Camp Custer, MI

US Farmers Prospered Corn$.70/bushel$1.52/bushel Cotton$.12/lb.$.29/lb.

Race Relations “Great Migration” About 500,000 blacks moved North for jobs

Race Relations Race Riots East St. Louis, Illinois At least 39 blacks died African-American Family Just Arrived in Chicago Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Women Roles Women’s Roles 11,000 served in Navy overseas 1 million worked in industry This Advertisement Encouraged Women to Enter the Workforce Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Women’s Roles Women often earned higher wages during the war Women Workers on the Union Pacific Railroad Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Patriotism & Volunteerism Food Administration Slogans were common: –“Meatless Mondays” & “Wheatless Wednesdays” –“Serve beans, by all means” Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Food Administration Poster

Anti-German Hysteria (Patriotism Turned Ugly) 1.Americans began to fear all things German (food). 2.Personal attacks against Americans of German ancestry 3.In Michigan: a)City of Berlin changed to Marne b)German language was abandoned in public schools 4.Prohibition of alcohol

Spanish American War & WWI I.Intro II.Spanish-American War Why & Results III.WWI (1914/17-18) A.Battle-front 1.Background…why? 2.Origins-Wilson 3.US & War B.Home-front A.Big Government B.Society & Economy Key Terms Yellow Press The Maine Francis Ferdinand Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram Selective Service Act William McAdo Anti-German Hysteria