The Spread of Management Methods around the World Stuart Umpleby, Lucy Lim, Naveen Hariprasad, Saadia Khilji and Daniel Le The George Washington University

Regions and Countries RegionsCountries AfricaCongo, Nigeria, South Africa China East AsiaJapan, Myanmar, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam EuropeFinland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, UK Latin AmericaBrazil, Columbia, Mexico Middle EastEgypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Turkey North AmericaCanada, United States OceaniaAustralia, Indonesia, Philippines South AsiaBangladesh, India, Pakistan

Population by region China and South Asia dominate

GDP per Capita: A Measure of Wealth North America, Europe and East Asia dominate North America is the leader Many countries have hardly improved at all The gap between rich and poor countries has widened

Business Periodicals North America Oceania and East Asia are the next in line Europe leads in business periodicals due to many different languages Latin America, South Asia and Africa are far behind

Number of PC Users

Total Internet Users The rate of increase has been phenomenal after 1994 North America, Europe and East Asia are the top three China, Oceania, Latin America and South Asia also have a high growth rate An increase in every region But the rate is lower and it started late The graph begins from 1990

ISO 9000 Certified Companies Europe has been the leader in using the ISO 9000 standard, probably because of the interest in standardization due to the European Union In Europe, more smaller companies exist

Foreign Students in USA East Asian students seem to dominate in number Among other regions, Europe is most prominent The number of Latin American and Chinese students has been steady

Correlations with GDP per capita at five year intervals Variable Correlation range Business periodicals per capita (1975 to 2000) PCs per capita (1990 to 2000) Internet users per capita (1990 to 2000) ISO certified companies per capita (1975 to 2000)

Growth of Business Schools Many new business schools are opening in Eastern Europe and the NIS There has been a reconsideration of the nature of knowledge in order to justify the teaching of practical disciplines See The New Production of Knowledge by Gibbons, et al.

Number of Business Schools in AACSB

Top 100 Business Schools by Region

Top 100 Business Schools by Country

Growth of Corporate Universities Ideas can spread either through the open academic literature or through the growth of corporations using proprietary knowledge An increasing number of corporations have their own in-house training programs that use curricula they have developed themselves

Locations of Corporate University Headquarters by Region

Percent of Corporate Universities Two Years Old or Younger

Age of Corporate Universities

Average Age of Corporate Universities by Industry

Examples of corporate education AT&T has created a shelf of books on how it does process improvement. These books are not made available to people outside AT&T GE has developed books and CDs for training their managers in six sigma methods. These materials are not shared outside the firm

Size of Corporate University Budgets

The spread of management theories and methods around the world is one feature of globalization There is a positive correlation between wealth and business periodicals, number of PCs, internet use, and ISO 9000 certification There is a wide gap between the developing and the developed countries in GDP/capita, business periodicals, use of the internet and ISO 9000 certification The gap in all areas continues to grow North America is the dominant region in new technology Europe has made the most use of ISO 9000 certification Conclusions