1. ITFD Growth and Development
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Professor Antonio Ciccone
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2. Economic Growth: Important Facts
(1) Long Run Growth in the World
(2) Balanced Growth in the US?
(3) Long Run Effect of Growth Differentials
(4) Spanish Economic Growth Compared
(5) World Income Distribution (Stability and Differences Rich/Poor)
(6) Heterogeneity of Economic Growth and Changes in the World Income Distribution
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3. (1) Economic Growth in the Very Long Run
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4. (2) US (Balanced) Growth Since 1890
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5. (3) Long Run Effects of Growth Differentials
-The real per capita GDP in the United States has been growing at a rate of 1.8% per year since 1870.
-This performance has given the US the second highest level of per capita GDP in the world (after Luxembourg, a country with a population of only about inhabitants)
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6. Long Run Effects of Growth Differentials
If, starting in 1870, the US had grown at a rate of 0,8% (similar to the one experienced over the same period in India (0,64) or Pakistan (0,88) ), now the US would have a per capita GDP 72% LOWER than the actual value.
To put it another way, if the growth rate had been lower by just 1 percentage point per year, today’s US GDP per capita would have been close to that of Argentina or Romania.
On the other hand, if, starting in 1870, the US had grown at a rate of 2,8% (close to the long run growth experienced by Japan(2,95% from 1890 to 1990) and Taiwan(2,75% from 1900 to 1987), now the US would have a per capita GDP 3,8 times higher than the actual value.
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7. Long Run Effects of Growth Differentials
Argentina
Romania
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8. Long Run Effects of Growth Differentials
Japan GDP per capita in 1990 was about 20 times its level in 1890
US GDP per capita in 2000 was more than 10 times its level in 1870
Spain GDP per capita in 2007 was nearly 3 times its level in 1969
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9. (4) Spanish Economic Growth Since 1970
Spain’s growth from 1970 to 2007 has averaged 2,67%, while Germany’s has averaged 1,85% and Europe’s 2,04%.
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10. (5) The World Income Distribution in 1960 and 1990/2000
Indicators of (the stability) of the World Income Distribution
On the Differences between Rich and Poor
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11. ITFD Growth and Development SLIDE SET 0

12. ITFD Growth and Development SLIDE SET 0
Log GDP/person 2000
Log GDP/person 1960
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13. ITFD Growth and Development SLIDE SET 0
The Difference between Rich (Productive) and Poor (Unproductive) Countries
If Tanzania were to grow at the long term US rate of 1,8% per year, it would take 235 years to reach the 2000 US per capita GDP.
The range of growth rates from 1960 to 2000 goes from -2% ((Democratic Republic of Congo) to 6.4% (Taiwan). Forty year differences in growth rates of this magnitude have enormous consequences for standards of living.
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14. Spreads in Per Capita GDP
An average American produces:
-In 239 days what an average Spaniard produces a year
-In 105 days what an average Argentinian produces a year
-In 20 days what an average Pakistani produces a year
-In 1,59 days what an average Zimbabwan produces a year
-In 79 days what an average citizen of the world produces a year
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15. ITFD Growth and Development SLIDE SET 0
Days the US needs to produce the equivalent to other countries total GDP
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16. (6) Differences in Growth Performance
Heterogeneity in economic growth rates
Geographic growth patterns
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17. Growth rate of per capita GDP 1960-2000
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18. ITFD Growth and Development SLIDE SET 0
As a rough generalization for regional growth experiences:
-Sub-Saharan Africa started relatively poor in 1960 and grew at the lowest rate, so it ended by far the poorest area in 2000.
-Asia started only slightly above Africa in many cases but grew rapidly and ended up mostly in the middle.
-Latin America started in the mid to high range, grew somewhat below average, and therefore ended up mostly in the middle along with Asia.
-OECD countries started highest in 1960, grew in a middle range or better, and therefore ended up still the richest.
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19. ITFD Growth and Development SLIDE SET 0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2003
World
3797
5967
7463
7936
9749
South East Asia
2056
2706
4659
5998
8945
Sub-Saharan Africa
1423
1837
2113
2207
2626
Brazil
2670
3976
6669
6834
7204
India
870
1154
1350
1897
2990
China
445
500
751
1678
4970
Zimbabwe
2277
2880
3227
3448
2438
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Per capita GDP in 1960
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21. ITFD Growth and Development SLIDE SET 0
Per capita GDP in 2006
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