An Introduction to Digital Media and Image Editing Techniques An Introduction to Digital Media and Image Editing Techniques By Ryan Dunne & Mario Piljic

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Introduction to Digital Media

What is Digital Media? Digital Media is data which is stored, displayed and manipulated electronically. Digital Media is data which is stored, displayed and manipulated electronically. Digital Media can be converted to analogue format. Digital Media can be converted to analogue format. Analogue media can be digitalised, allowing data storage and manipulation. Analogue media can be digitalised, allowing data storage and manipulation. Digital Media does not only exist on computers... Digital Media does not only exist on computers... References: (Vaughan, 2008)

Purpose of Digital Media Entertainment Entertainment Video Games Video Games Interactive TV Interactive TV Cloud media Cloud media Augmented reality Augmented reality Internet Internet Mobile Technology Mobile Technology Informative Informative Digital Newspaper Digital Newspaper Education and Learning Education and Learning E-Books E-Books Mobile Technology Mobile Technology Internet Internet

Types of Digital Media

5 major categories of digital media Graphics Graphics Text Text Audio Audio Video Video Animation Animation References: (Vaughan, 2008)

Graphical Design Graphics are visual still representations. Graphics are visual still representations. Graphics combine different ideas into a visual representation. Graphics combine different ideas into a visual representation. Graphics can be informative, educational, entertaining and artistic. Graphics can be informative, educational, entertaining and artistic. Digital Graphics are broken up into 2 categories: Bitmap and Vector. Digital Graphics are broken up into 2 categories: Bitmap and Vector. References: (Vaughan, 2008)

Graphical Design Vector: Vector: Each individual object contained in a vector image is defined by a mathematical equation. This means that vector images are not resolution dependent. Thus, each vector object is scalable and can generally be resized without any loss of image quality. Bitmap/Raster: Use coloured pixels to crate an image and are mapped according to their placement and colour. When stretched the image becomes blocky as the pixels are expanded. Bitmap/Raster: Use coloured pixels to crate an image and are mapped according to their placement and colour. When stretched the image becomes blocky as the pixels are expanded. Reference: g

Desktop Publishing Desktop Publishing Reference: Desktop Publish is the use of a purpose built software to design and create a document for publication. Desktop Publish is the use of a purpose built software to design and create a document for publication. All Desktop Publishing software use a “What You See Is What You Get” (WYSIWYG) approach where all measurements and details are shown and used. All Desktop Publishing software use a “What You See Is What You Get” (WYSIWYG) approach where all measurements and details are shown and used. Desktop Publishing software integrates text, number and graphics into one final product. Desktop Publishing software integrates text, number and graphics into one final product. This program can be used on a small scale by amateur users in the production of flyers or promotions or high end users producing newspaper articles. This program can be used on a small scale by amateur users in the production of flyers or promotions or high end users producing newspaper articles. Publisher Guide:

Desktop Publishing Desktop Publishing Scribus is a desktop publishing (DTP) application, released under the GNU General Public License as free software. Versions are available for Linux, Unix-like, Mac OS X, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows. Scribus is a desktop publishing (DTP) application, released under the GNU General Public License as free software. Versions are available for Linux, Unix-like, Mac OS X, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows. It is known for its broad set of page layout features, comparable to leading non- free applications such as Adobe PageMaker, It is known for its broad set of page layout features, comparable to leading non- free applications such as Adobe PageMaker, Reference:

Desktop Publishing Desktop Publishing Microsoft Publisher 2010 is bundled in many Office packages and is in most schools. Microsoft Publisher 2010 is bundled in many Office packages and is in most schools. One of the most used Desktop Publishing programs in the world. One of the most used Desktop Publishing programs in the world. It allows for the sharing of customised user templates online. It allows for the sharing of customised user templates online. Built in system that allows for publishing with consistent accuracy and fluid designs. Built in system that allows for publishing with consistent accuracy and fluid designs. Reference:

Audio Audio is a form of digital media that is converted from an analogue signal to a digital signal through the process of pulse code modulation. Audio is a form of digital media that is converted from an analogue signal to a digital signal through the process of pulse code modulation. The sound can then be converted to a variety of formats including the most common MP3 or WAV. The sound can then be converted to a variety of formats including the most common MP3 or WAV. Reference:

Audio Reference: Pulse code modulation process is the translation of a microphone analogue waveform into a digital waveform. Red line represents the continuous voltage, and the stair stepped black line is the digitization process.

Audio E-Music is usually available in the MPEG layer 3 (MP3) audio format, which allows data to be stored with minimal loss of audio quality and with small file sizes. All digital data is stored in bits, where the greater the depth of bits the less of the original analogue signal is lost in the conversion process. Reference:

Audio Audacity is one program that allows manipulation and conversion of audio files, which is assessable in most educational settings. It is a free, easy-to-use and multilingual audio editor and recorder for Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and other operating systems. Reference

Audio You can use Audacity to: Record live audio. Record live audio. Convert tapes and records into digital recordings or CDs. Convert tapes and records into digital recordings or CDs. Edit Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV or AIFF sound files. Edit Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV or AIFF sound files. Cut, copy, splice or mix sounds together. Cut, copy, splice or mix sounds together. Change the speed or pitch of a recording. Change the speed or pitch of a recording. Reference Intro to Audacity :

Video Digital video is the process of capturing, manipulating, and storing of moving images that can be viewed on computer screens. Digital video is the process of capturing, manipulating, and storing of moving images that can be viewed on computer screens. One very important advantage is offered through the digitization of video and that is the ability to edit and manipulate the content. One very important advantage is offered through the digitization of video and that is the ability to edit and manipulate the content. Reference:

Video The process involved in digital video production includes the following: The process involved in digital video production includes the following: Camera and a microphone which capture the picture and sounds of a video session and send analogue signals to a video-capture adapter board. The board only captures half of the number of frames per second that movies use in order to reduce the amount of data to be processed. Camera and a microphone which capture the picture and sounds of a video session and send analogue signals to a video-capture adapter board. The board only captures half of the number of frames per second that movies use in order to reduce the amount of data to be processed. Reference: al%20Video.pdf

Video An analogue-to-digital converter chip on the video-capture adapter card, which converts the analogue signals (waves) to digital patterns (0s and 1s). An analogue-to-digital converter chip on the video-capture adapter card, which converts the analogue signals (waves) to digital patterns (0s and 1s). A compression/decompression chip or software which reduces the data to a minimum necessary for recreating the video signals. A compression/decompression chip or software which reduces the data to a minimum necessary for recreating the video signals. Reference:

Video There are a variety of programs available for use to manipulate and edit digital video content. The most common and popular one includes: Windows Live Movie Maker maker?os=other Tutorial link maker?os=other maker?os=other

Animation Animation is an optical illusion which is created when 2 dimensional or 3 dimensional graphics are shown at speed. Animation is an optical illusion which is created when 2 dimensional or 3 dimensional graphics are shown at speed. There are 3 types of animation: There are 3 types of animation: Cell - which digital cartoons can implement Cell - which digital cartoons can implement Tweening - a process of animation where an object moves and takes frames instead of cells. Tweening - a process of animation where an object moves and takes frames instead of cells. Morphing- the process of an object changing to another in a singular motion thus creating an illusion Morphing: Morphing- the process of an object changing to another in a singular motion thus creating an illusion Morphing: References: (Vaughan, 2008)

Animation Adobe Flash CS5 is a program which takes still graphics and puts them into a frame within a storyline. Flash Capabilities: Adobe Flash CS5 is a program which takes still graphics and puts them into a frame within a storyline. Flash Capabilities: References:

Animation The graphics can be moved and altered in each frame. When the storyline runs the animation will look like it is moving. The graphics can be moved and altered in each frame. When the storyline runs the animation will look like it is moving. Adobe Flash CS5 can incorporate audio, create games, videos and animation. Adobe Flash CS5 can incorporate audio, create games, videos and animation. References:

File Types and Digital Media

Digital Media Type File Format Types Graphics JPEG – Joint Photography Experts Group PNG – Portable Network Graphics BMP – BitMap Desktop Publishing DTP – Desk Top Publishing Document PUB – Publication Audio MP3 – MPEG audio stream layer 3 FLAC – Audio codec WAV – Microsoft Windows RIFF WAVE Video AVI – Audio Video Interleaved MPEG – multimedia container format WMV – Windows Media Video Animation FLA – Adobe Flash File SOL – Adobe Flash shared object FLX – Animation format

Graphical Design Photoshop Task