Recovery and Transition: Building Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Learning Objectives By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:  Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction  Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure  Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery  Explain Community Disaster Resilience  Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Disaster Recovery Recovery “... focuses on how best to restore the capacity of the government and communities to rebuild and recover from crisis and to prevent relapses. In so doing, recovery seeks not only to catalyze sustainable development activities, but also to build upon earlier humanitarian programs to ensure that their inputs become assets for development.” (source: United Nations Development Program 2001)

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Community People Property Environment Services Livelihood (Vulnerable) Hazard Risks People Property Environment Services Livelihood Capacities used To manage Risks, (Damages, Losses Needs) Recovery/ Rehabilitation Emergency Disaster Recovery Phase

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman What are the damages and losses incurred in an earthquake disaster, the needs, and the capacities utilized during the response operations that we need to rebuild, recover for the better? Exercise 1 Risks of DisasterAreas for recoveryNeeds for recoveryPartners Damages Losses Other capacities utilized

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time stage time- frame general needshealth needs immediate first 24 hours search and rescue evacuation / shelter food water public information system first aid triage primary medical care transport / ambulances acute medical and surgical care emergency communication, logistics and reporting systems (including injury and disability registers) short- term end of first week security energy (fuel, heating, light, etc.) environmental health services for: vector control personal hygiene sanitation, waste disposal etc. emergency epidemiological surveillance for Vector Born Disease, Vaccine Preventable Disease, Diseases of Epidemic Potential control of disease of public health significance control of acute intestinal and respiratory disease care of the dead general curative services nutritional surveillance and support (including micronutrient supplementation) measles vaccination and Vitamin A

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Health Roles in Managing Risks stage time- frame general needshealth needs medium term end of first month protection (legal and physical) employment public transport public communications psychosocial services (re) establishment of the health information system restoration of preventive health care services such as EPI, MCH, etc. restoration of priority disease control programmes such as TB, malaria, etc. restoration of services of non-communicable diseases / obstetrics care of the disabled long termend of 3 months education agriculture environmental protection reconstruction and rehabilitation specific training programmes health information campaigns / health education programmes disability and psychosocial care conclusioncompensation / reconstruction evaluation of lessons learned restitution / rehabilitation revision of policies, guidelines, procedures and plans prevention and preparedness upgrade knowledge and skills, change attitudes

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman 1. Saving Lives 2. Emergency Aid 3. Short term Intervention 4.Emergency Funding 5. Providing for the Community. 6. Emergency (Relief) Aid. 7. Spontaneous Interventions 8. Consumption Subsidy 9. Politicization of Emergencies. 10. Short Time Frame used advantageously. 1. Saving Livelihoods 2. Support to rehabilitation 3. Longer term planning 4. Combined Funding Proposals 5. Working with the community 6. Integration of Relief Aid & Developmental Support 7. Appropriate Interventions 8. Building of Assets 9. Political Competence 10. Strengthening of Coping Strategies 1. Building Livelihoods 2. Building Communities 3.Long Term Development 4. Developmental Funding 5. Understanding the community 6. Developmental Support 7. Planned strategies. 8. Investment Subsidy 9. Political Proficiency 10. Sustainability TRANSITION RESPONSE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Recovery - from Response to Development

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman “Opportunities in disasters” What are the opportunities in recovery and reconstruction that might be considered for long-term capacity development? Q & A

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Some opportunities for development (of health systems):  additional financial resources (national / international)  additional human resources (national / international)  lessons learned from experience, including gaps in health system  demonstration and opportunities for training needs  reconstruction but “build back better”  social pressure and political will to reduce risk and enhance capacity

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Warning Indicators (Flash Points) WARNING PHASE Months / Weeks / Hours EMERGENCY PHASE Days / Weeks Mitigation Preparedness Search & Rescue Emergency Relief Rehabilitation Reconstruction Ongoing Development Rapid / Detailed Assessment Sudden Impact Rehabilitation / Recovery Many Months TIME ACTIVITY Emergency Response and Recovery

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman From Response to Recovery and Reconstruction If there is no clear cut boundary between responses and recovery processes… this means: Don’t wait, think ahead! Build on the momentum of response to anticipate longer-term recovery and reconstruction.

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Medium-term Health Considerations for the Recovery Process Some key health effects from disasters:  contamination of food and water supplies,  emotional stress,  epidemic diseases - diarrhoea, measles, etc.  endemic diseases  reduced health levels  decline in nutritional status

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Long-term Health Considerations for the Recovery Process Psychosocial  Concurrent problem due to disaster: decrease in mental health services, increase in incidence of common mental health problems Psycho physiological Behavioral Emotional Cognitive  Emergency health care system addresses acute cases and initiate long-term plan for community- based psychological interventions.

Q & A First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman What is your concept about Resilience in the context of disaster management?

Resilience First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential structures and functions  ability to spring back from the impacts of disaster

Resilience First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  Resilience of a community in respect to potential hazard events is determined by the degree to which the community has the necessary resources and is capable of organizing itself both to and during times of need

Q & A First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Can you share us your concept of a Disaster Resilient Community based on the definition given? Differentiate Resilience from Capacity.

Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman A resilient community has the capacity to :  absorb stress or destructive forces trough resistance or adaptation  manage or maintain certain basic functions and structures during disasters  recover or bounce back after and event

Resilience vs. Capacity First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  Resilience is generally seen as a broader concept than capacity because it goes beyond the specific behavior, strategies and measures for risk reduction and management that are normally understood as capacities  though in everyday usage, capacity and coping capacity often mean the same as resilience  focus of resilience – what communities can do for themselves and how to strengthen their capacities rather than concentrating on their vulnerability to disaster or their needs in an emergency

Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman “Disaster Resilient Community” is ideal that no community can ever be completely safe from natural and man-made hazards……!!!

Components of Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman 1.Governance 2.Risk Assessment 3.Knowledge and Education 4.Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction 5.Disaster Preparedness and Response

1. Governance First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  Policy, planning, priorities and political commitment  Legal and regulatory systems  Integration with development policies and planning  Integration with emergency response and recovery  Institutional mechanisms, capacities and structures; allocation of responsibilities  Partnership  Accountability

2. Risk Assessment First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  Hazards/Risks data assessment  Vulnerability and impact data assessment  Scientific and technical capacities and innovation 3. Knowledge and Education  Public awareness, knowledge and skills  Information management sharing  Education and training  Cultures, attitudes, motivation  Learning and research

4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  Environment and natural resource management  Health and well being  Sustainable livelihoods  Social protection  Financial instruments  Physical protection; structural and technical measures  Planning regimes

5. Disaster Preparedness and Response First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  Organizational capacities and coordination  Early Warning Systems  Preparedness and contingency planning  Emergency resources and infrastructure  Emergency response and recovery  Participation, volunteerism, accountability

ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level of resilience First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman  A community organization  A DRR and disaster preparedness plan  A community early warning system  Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue, medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer house construction, fire fighting  Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics  Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc.  Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions  A community disaster reduction fund to implement risk reduction activities  Safer sources of livelihood

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Learning Objectives By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:  Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction  Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure  Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery  Explain Community Disaster Resilience  Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Thank You