Drengile Xiong Kenneth Royce Jeanellie Rodriguez Anatomy II B2

 Collection of glands that secrete and regulate the body’s hormones  Each gland secretes different types of hormones  Maintenance of Homeostasis  Examples:  Metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, and growth and development, absorption of nutrients, lactation, etc. The Endocrine System

The Pituitary Gland

Location  Base of the brain  Behind bridge of nose  Above the pituitary gland is the hypothalamus ( a cluster of brain cells).

 Secretes and stores the hormones it produces and monitors and regulates a number of bodily functions through these hormones  Depends on which hormones are secreted and how they affect the body Function

Anterior Growth hormones Adrenocorticotropic hormone Follicle stimulating hormone  Posterior  Antidiuretic hormone  Oxytocin Hormones Secreted

 Growth  Stimulates liver to produce a protein called IGF-1  Metabolism  Regulates sugar levels in blood  Stimulate protein synthesis in cells  Enhances the body’s utilization of fat cells Anterior – Growth Hormones

 Stress Management  Stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, in the adrenal cortex (outer layer of the adrenal gland) Anterior -- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

 Stimulates milk production in women  Function of prolactin is unknown in men Anterior – Prolactin Hormone

 Conserves amount of water in the body by reducing the amount of water loss in urine  Also helps to control blood pressure through the kidney and blood vessels Posterior – Antidiuretic hormone

 Prepares a pregnant woman for childbirth  Causes the uterus to contract during labor  Stimulates ejection of milk from the breast during nursing  Establishes maternal behavior  Mother becomes attached and nourishes newborn Posterior – Oxytocin hormone

Diseases

 Cause  Lack of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)  Kidneys unable to conserve water as they filter from the blood  Symptoms  Excessive thirst  Excessive urine volume Diabetes Insipidus

 Causes  Overproduction of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland  Symptoms  Large hands and feet  Growth in facial structure  Ex. Jaw bone, brow, nose, lips and spaces between teeth  Coarse, oily skin  Fatigue  Husky voice due to enlarged vocal chords  Impaired vision  Headaches  Pain when moving joints  Irregular menstrual cycles  Increased chest size Acromegaly

 Over production of grown hormones can cause gigantism  Underproduction of grown hormones can cause dwarfism  The pituitary gland is called the “King of Glands”  Regulates many other glands in the endocrine system  Many famous people of Acromegaly  Andre the Giant  Richard Kyle  Acromegaly is an uncommon disease, but can be treated with surgery. Although, it does not make the body go back to its regular size Interesting Facts

The Language of Medicine. Saint Louis: Saunders Elsevier, Print. Pituitary Gland Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Sept Growth Hormone. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Sept Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH, corticotropin). N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Sept Anti-diuretic hormone. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Sept Diabetes Insipidus. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Sept Bibliography

Where is the pituitary gland located? Question 1 Answer: D A. in front of the neck below the larynx B.On top of the kidneys C.Upper part of the chest, behind the breast bone D.Base of brain below the hypothalamus

What does oxytocin do? Questions 2 Answer: A A.Causes the uterus to contract during childbirth B.Control blood pressure C.Conserve amount of water in body by reducing amount of water loss in urine D.Stimulates the secretion of cortisol (stress hormone).

What is the disease “Acromegaly” caused by? Question 3 Answer: B A.An overproduction in ADH B.An overproduction in the growth hormone C.An underproduction in the growth hormone D.An overproduction of prolactin

If the human body didn’t have the pituitary glands, how would the other glands of the endocrine system be affected? Question 4 The pituitary is important because it influences how other glands of the endocrine system operate, as well as other organs. Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland stimulate the body’s other glands. For example, the anterior pituitary gland secretes the growth hormone to stimulate the liver to produce the protein IGF-1. The pituitary gland is also involved in conserving the amount of water in the body by reducing water loss in urine production, which is done by the kidneys, but cannot be efficiently done if not for the pituitary gland’s secretion of the antidiuretic hormone. Overall, the other glands and organs of the body need the pituitary gland to maintain homeostasis in the body.