LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Ericsson AB 2008 LTE - Agenda LTE Basic LTE Road Map LTE Architecture LTE Access Network LTE Channel Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Ericsson AB 2008 Aim of Long Term Evolution Increased Capacity Reduce Network Complexity Lower deployment and operating cost Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Basics Ericsson AB 2008

What is LTE ? 3GPP Long Term Evolution, referred to as LTE and marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using new modulation techniques. In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technology Higher performance Backwards compatible Wide application

LTE – Key factors LTE Why ? High Data Rates > 100 Mbps – Downlink LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Key factors LTE High Data Rates > 100 Mbps – Downlink > 50 Mbps – Uplink Channel Setup < 100 ms Why ? Mobile Broadband Tendency Customers need for more Spectral Efficience platform for Mobile data communicattion. ( Cost of Bits / Hz) Efficient – Reducing OPEX & CAPEX Easy to deploy (self configuring/optimizing) TDD / FDD & Spectrum Flexibility New Services (IPTV & Games in Real Time) High Performance for Broadcast Services Wide Range of Terminals Increase Service Provisioning Ericsson AB 2008

Evolution of Radio Access Technologies 802.16m 802.16d/e LTE (3.9G) : 3GPP release 8~9 LTE-Advanced : 3GPP release 10+

Towards LTE

Mobile broadband speed evolution LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Mobile broadband speed evolution Other CDMA Mobile WiMAX GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 Reported Subscriptions (million) LTE Evolution LTE HSPA Evolution Key Messages; The technologies are here Mobile radio access technologies are already well capable of delivering a broadband experience A well coordinated standardization ensures mass adoption & economies of scale This is a global effort Users have taken HSPA to their hearts since HSPA delivers true broadband Today almost 40 ops offering user speeds of 7 Mbps In Geneva at the WRC (October-November 2007) we measured over 6 Mbps while driving in a car, and close to 1.4 Mbps uplink at the convention center – which is better than common fixed broadband HSPA is already here and has a steady roadmap and is future proof Suppliers like Ericsson are committed to future development Ericsson will release 28 Mbps end of 2008 going for 42 Mbps during 2009 We have already demoed 160 Mbps on LTE where commercial products will be released 2009 LTE is a natural evolution of HSPA and will coexist with HSPA for a long time – HSPA will be the broadband wide area coverage and LTE will provide capacity and speeds in densely populated regions when needed + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Additional Information about HSPA & LTE Ericsson conducted the world's first demonstration of end-to-end HSPA Evolution technology with speeds of up to 42 Mbps at CTIA Wireless 2008, held in Las Vegas from April 1 to 3 Speeds of up to 42 Mbps represent the next phase in HSPA Evolution. These speeds are achieved by combining new higher order modulation technology (64QAM), together with 2x2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology. The first step of the HSPA evolution will be introduced during 2008 Different terminal classes are being defined for LTE and it looks like around 150 Mbps will be one of the supported classes. (In our press releases we have communicated 160 Mbps for LTE.) And, it does not stop there. In the future, HSPA can achieve higher bit rates (80-160 Mbps downlink and 20-40 Mbps uplink with multicarrier solutions). Also LTE has an impressive speed evolution - it will easily reach >300 Mbps with 20 MHz spectrum, and with 100 MHz spectrum well over 1 Gbps can be achieved. Interoperability GSM/HSPA/LTE Since these technologies are all from the same family, handover and interoperability between GSM, HSPA and LTE will be secured, the user will thus never be out of coverage. HSPA 3G- R’99 Target Peak rate 384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 7/14 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 Mbps 1 Gbps 2002 2005 2007 2008/2009 2009 2013 Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Terminals Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Terminals Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Roadmap Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Evolution Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Smooth Migration Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Long Term Evolution Architeture LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Long Term Evolution Architeture Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Architecture MME = Mobility Management Entity Gb Iu GERAN UTRAN 3G 2G LTE RAN LTE Non-3GPP MME/ UPE SGi IP networks S3 S4 S5a S6 S7 S1 S2 ”EVOLVED PACKET CORE” MME = Mobility Management Entity IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor PCRF HSS SGSN 3GPP Anchor SAE Anchor S5b IASA

LTE (Long Term Evolution) Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution) Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency Simplification of the radio network Efficient support of packet based services Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution) Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput Simplification of the core network Optimization for IP traffic and services Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

Evolution Path Architecture The pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN) Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end. LTE

WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Access Network LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Access Network WCDMA System Architeture LTE System Architeture RAN Ericsson AB 2008

eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces Logical view LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 2008-05-19 eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces Logical view MME/GW S1-C X2 eNode B Evolved Packet Core Evolved UTRAN MME: Mobility Management Entity GW: GateWay The logical interface from the eNode B to the core network is called S1 and the logical interface between eNode Bs is called X2. The RNC that is used in WCDMA does not exist in LTE. Some of the functionality is moved to the eNode B and other functionality is moved to the core network. 168/221 09 - FGB 101 220 Uen Rev A Ericsson AB 2008 168/221 09 - FGB 101 220 Uen Rev B168/221 09 - FGB 101 220 Uen Rev A 19 19

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – eNodeB LTE eNodeB Coding, Interleaving, modulation & typical layer functions. ARQ, Header Compression & layer functions Security Functions (Ciphering / Integrity Protection ) eNodeB take decisions about Handover & scheduling for uplink and downlink. Radio Resources Control functions Connected to the Core Network with S1 Interface (similar as Iu) X2 is similar to Iur Interface, mainly used to support the Active Mode Mobility. Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Long Term Evolution Core Network LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Long Term Evolution Core Network Ericsson AB 2008

WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Core LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Core WCDMA System Architeture LTE - SAE System Architeture Evolution Ericsson AB 2008

WCDMA LTE - Core LTE Core Introduction of EPC – Evolved Packet Core LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 WCDMA LTE - Core LTE Core Introduction of EPC – Evolved Packet Core SAE just covers Packet Switched Domain HSS is the same as HLR in GSM/WCDMA network HSS uses the S6 interface eNodeB is connected to the EPC by S1 Interface EPC acts as anchor in the SAE Core Network for mobility Charging Management of Subscriber Mobility Management ( roaming ) QOS Handling Policy Control of Data Flows Interconection with External Networks Ericsson AB 2008

SAE: System Architecture Evolution LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 SAE: System Architecture Evolution SAPC IP networks HSS/HLR S7 PCRF ”WSM module” S7c Wx* S7b S9 HSS AAA S7a PDN Gateway (PDN GW): The PDN Gateway is the node that terminates the SGi interface towards the PDN Wm* HLR S6a SGi Gr S6c S2a PDN GW SGSN/MME S2b SAE GW S5/S8 S4 S2c Serv GW The Serving Gateway is the node that terminates the interface towards LTE RAN S11 S103 SGSN MME S3 S101/102 S10 ePDG Wn* Gb Iu-C S12 S1-C S1-U Wn* Wa* Ta* Mobility Management Entity (MME): The MME manages mobility, UE identities and security parameters Non-3GPP Trusted Eg cdma 2G 3G LTE Non-3GPP Non-trusted Ericsson AB 2008

MME Functionality Roaming (S6a towards home HSS) Authentication SAE CN Architecture SGi MME S1-MME S1-U S11 X2 S10 eNodeB S3 S4 SGSN SAE GW MME Functionality Roaming (S6a towards home HSS) Authentication SAE GW selection Idle mode mobility handling Tracking Area Update Paging Mobility handling of inter-MME (pool) handover (triggered by eNodeB) inter-RAT handover (triggered by eNodeB) QoS “negotiation” with UE and eNodeB Security Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS signalling Secure control signalling transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) O&M security (?)

SAE GW Functionality … SAE CN Architecture SAE GW PDN SAE GW: SGi MME S1-MME S1-U S11 X2 S10 eNodeB S3 S4 SGSN SAE GW PDN SAE GW: Policy Enforcement Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection) Charging Support User plane anchor point for mobility between 3GPP accesses and non-3GPP accesses routing of user data towards the S-GW Security O&M security (?) Lawful Intercept Serving SAE GW: User plane anchor point for inter-eNB handover (within one pool) User plane anchor point for inter-3GPP mobility routing of user data towards the eNodeB routing of user data towards the P-GW routing of user data towards the SGSN (2G and 3G) or RNC (3G with “Direct Tunnel”) Secure user data transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) The PDN SAE GW and the Serving SAE GW may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes. …

LTE – Long Term Evolution Access Network LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Long Term Evolution Access Network Ericsson AB 2008

Key LTE radio access features LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Key LTE radio access features LTE radio access Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA Advanced antenna solutions Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) Spectrum flexibility Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD SC-FDMA OFDMA TX 20 MHz 1.4 MHz Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Access Network LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Access Network LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL LTE basic charactheristics: Flexibility bandwidth (from 1.4 Mhz to 20 MHZ). Orthogonally in uplink and downlink. Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM. FDD (frequency division duplex), HD FDD ( half frequency division duplex & TDD (time Division Duplex are supported). Advanced Antenna Technology – MIMO is used in downlink to allow high peak rates. Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Long Term Evolution Channels LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Long Term Evolution Channels Ericsson AB 2008

Channel Structure – Downlink and Uplink LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Channel Structure – Downlink and Uplink Downlink Uplink PCCH MTCH MCCH BCCH DTCH DCCH CCCH DTCH DCCH CCCH Logical Channels “type of information” (traffic/control) pri sec PCH MCH BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH Transport Channels “how and with what characteristics” (common/shared/mc/bc) PMCH - Physical Mulicast Channel PBCH – Physical Broadcast Channel – BCH transport block is mapped to four subframes within 40ms interval PDSCH – Physical DL Shared Channel PCFICH – Physical Control Format Indicator Channel – Informs UE about nr of OFDM symbols, used for PDCCH, TX every subframe PDCCH – Physical DL Control Channel – Informs UE about resource allocation and HybridARQ info related to DL-SCH and PCH. Carries UL scheduling grant PHICH – Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel – Carries ACK/NAK in response to UL transmission PUCCH – Physical UL Control Channel – Carries ACK/NAK in response to DL transmission. Carries CQI reports PUSCH – Physical UL Shared Channel PRACH – Physical Random Access Channel – carries preamble -Sched TF DL -Sched grant UL -Pwr Ctrl cmd -HARQ info PDCCH info ACK/NACK Physical Channels “bits, symbols, modulation, radio frames etc” PMCH PBCH PDSCH PCFICH PDCCH PHICH PUCCH PUSCH PRACH ACK/NACK CQI Scheduling req. Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel ) Used for transmission of system control information to all mobiles in the cell. Prior to access the network the mobile needs to read the information on BCCH to find out how the system is configured, for example the bandwidth. PCCH ( Paging Control Channel ) used for Paging of Mobiles whose location on cell level in not know to the network. DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel ) Used for Transmission of control information to/from mobile. This channel is used for individual configuration of Terminals such as differents kinds of handover messages. Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) MCCH ( Multicast Control Channel ) used for transmission of control information required for reception of the MTCH. DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel ) used for transmission of user data to/from a mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type used for transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS downlink user data. MTCH ( Multicast Traffic Channel ) used for downlink transmission of MBMS services. Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Transport Channels LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Transport Channels BCH ( Broadcast Channel ) Fixed Tranport Format Used for identification of cells & transmission of BCCH logical channel. RACH ( Random Access Channel ) Used for Access the Network from theTerminal. Limited control information and colission risk. PCH ( Paging Channel ) is used for transmission of paging information on the PCCH logical channel. The PCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX) to allow the mobile terminal to save battery power by sleeping and waking up to receive the PCH only at predefined time instants. Ericsson AB 2008

LTE – Transport Channels LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE – Transport Channels DL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel) Used for transmission of data in LTE DL SCH TTI is 1 ms Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain. MCH ( Multi Cast Channel) Used to support MBMS UL - SCH ( Uplink Shared Channel ) UL SCH TTI 1 ms Ericsson AB 2008

Commercial Views

LTE SAE Commercial Path LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 LTE SAE Commercial Path Validate technology First vendor selection LTE Commercial deployment 2007 2008 2009 2010 Please remove this slide before publishing on intranet Ericsson AB 2008

Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies Vendor HSPA LTE EV-DO UMB Mobile WiMAX Ericsson focuses on developing the WCDMA offering with higher and higher speeds of HSPA as a natural evolution development towards LTE In this strategy, Ericsson stands alone, as the rest of the competition is more focusing on all technologies incl. Wimax, and further development of CDMA, EV-DO and in long run UMB. The market have so far shown an increased interest in LTE, with giant operators, such as Verizon, who runs a CDMA network today, KDDI, AT&T and Vfe. Ericsson Strongest vendor on HSPA with the largest market share Focusing entirely on LTE, the natural evolution path for GSM/UMTS/HSPA and benefiting from economy of scale A major standardization driver and technology leader Alcatel-Lucent Develop products for all technologies Multi-Radio technology. Embraces all main technologies in it’s roadmap. Currently developing a CDMA base station that is upgradable to UMB Purchased Nortel UMTS business in 2006 WCDMA and HSPA market share is small. Strong on mobile WiMAX and CDMA. Huawei Claims to be technology agnostic. Main focus is on HSPA and LTE followed by UMB, as they are a large CDMA supplier. Weaker on WiMAX. Plans to have a base station that works with all standards in 2010 Motorola Wimax centric More focus mobile WiMAX, with a good position At CTIA 2007 it unveiled the IP based UBS (Universal Base Station) for CDMA that can also support both UMB and LTE in the future. However, Motorola’s position in mobile infrastructure is weak. Cooperation with Huawei for WCDMA/HSPA. Nortel Create a 4G Ecosystem, new start! Technology driven , OFDM High focus on OFDM as the technology for 4G (LTE, Wimax and UMB) Believes in various technologies converge. It has conducted live demonstrations for all main technologies. Same base station for all technologies Nortel has a leap frog strategy on WCDMA. It has sold out it’s WCDMA division to Alcatel-Lucent NSN Main focus on HSPA and LTE like Ericsson Nokia is weak in there HSPA implementation, one year behind Ericsson. Defined an proprietary step between HSPA and LTE called iHSPA. iHSPA has limited performance on the radio due to absence of soft handover, no market take off so far. NSN is using marketing to shift customer focus from its weak position by strongly push I-HSPA and HSUPA Cautiously supporting WiMAX and works on establishing a Mobile WiMAX business. Depending on the development with Sprint as they are a selected vendor NSN works on flat architecture to target CDMA2000 market with LTE/SAE Cisco Might get into the race with Wimax Interested in 3G femto market After officially not supporting WiMAX since 2004, Cisco entered the Mobile WiMAX market with the acquisition of Navini Networks in October 2007 Cisco now has an end-to-end WiMAX solution which will be targeted at emerging markets. Cooperation with Huawei Sold to ALU 2006 Support Focus Ericsson AB 2008

LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Ericsson AB 2008