1. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 Banda larga mobile: Evoluzione della Rete da HSPA a LTE Ermanno Berruto WIND Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Radio Days - Convegno NGN Sasso Marconi, 20 Maggio 2010

2. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 2 HSPA HSPA+ 2009 2010 2011 2012 DownLink 3GPP R10+ 3GPP R5 3GPP R7 3GPP R6 3GPP R8 3GPP R9 10MHz needed 7.2 Mbps 21 Mbps 14.4 Mbps 28 Mbps 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSDPA 42 Mbps 64QAM + 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSDPA 84 Mbps 64QAM 16QAM 168-336 Multiband HSDPA 4x4 MIMO 64QAM + 2x2 MIMO + DC-HSDPA UpLink 1.4 Mbps 5.8 Mbps 11 Mbps 46-80 23 Mbps 16QAM DC HSUPA Multiband HSUPA 2x2 MIMO 4QAM ……....................... LTE LTE Advanced 173Mbps 326 Mbps 20MHz 1Gbps 4x4 MIMO 58 Mbps 86 Mbps 0.5Gbps DownLink UpLink 20MHz >70MHz 2x2 MIMO 4x4 MIMO 2013+ LTE evolution represents a really competitive technology respect to HSPA+ only if its deployment is in 20MHz bandwidth. Otherwise HSPA+ multicarrier performance are comparable with LTE and moreover are less expensive. 16QAM 64QAM Bandwidth Mobile Broadband Network – HSPA & LTE Evolution

3. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 3 LTE Downlink Spectral Efficiency (*) LTE Uplink Spectral Efficiency (**) LTE Round Trip Time (***) (*) Downlink spectral efficiency shown to be 3 x HSPA R6 (=UTRA baseline), which was the target of LTE (**) Uplink spectral efficiency shown to be >2 x HSPA R6, which was the target of LTE (***) The round trip time in UMTS/LTE is defined as the delay of a small packet travelling from UE to a server behind GGSN and back. LTE Performance

4. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 4 LTE leverages new and wider spectrum Source: Qualcomm LTE relative performance decreases with bandwidth due to higher overhead; 40% overhead in 1.4 MHz vs. 25% in 20 MHz results in 25% better relative performance in 20 MHz vs. 1.4 MHz.

5. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 5 Similar HSPA+ and LTE performance

6. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 6 From voice driven to data driven architectures Source: Nokia Siemens Networks Massive increases in data traffic can stress the existing radio access network and backhaul infrastructure. The mobile network must be optimized to support the dominant traffic type, moving from voice-driven to data-driven architectures, where the cost per bit must be reduced for operators to remain profitable.

7. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 7 Source: Huawei LTE Spectrum Availability LTE 900

8. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 8 Source: Huawei Physical limitations in Electromagnetic spectrum Data speed and frequency are the two key parameters deciding radio link budget. Moving high data speed services up the spectrum is increasingly expensive with regard to Radio Access Network. Doubling the frequency is roughly 7dB loss: half the cell coverage area 4 times more base stations required Physical limitations make high frequencies inappropriate for wide area coverage and technology is not able to compensate this. LTE offers very efficient use of spectrum for wireless mobile communications within one common solution. But the true economic gain comes at lower frequencies.

9. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 9 TDM+ATM (Phase 2) TDM+IP (Phase 3) RNC NodeB Access and Transport Network E1 IMA 2Mb 3.6 >> 7.2 Mb R99HSDPA ETH 2Mb 3.6>> 7,2Mb HSDPA E1 ETH > 20 Mb and more... Voice COS Data COS’s HSDPA  14 Mbps  HSDPA+@28 Mbit/s ALL-IP (Phase 4) Phases NodeB E1 ATM TDM (Phase 1) 2Mb Voice + Data R99 Standard TDM MW TDM or TDM + ATM MW TDM + Ethernet MW Ethernet MW FIBER MW Backhauling evolution (1/2) HSDPA  7,2 Mbps

10. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 10 TDM+ATM (Phase 2) TDM+IP (Phase 3) Phases TDM (Phase 1) MW Backhauling evolution (2/2)

11. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 11 Node B interfaces are moving towards Ethernet/IP and Mobile service bandwidth requirements are increasing (HSDPA@14.4, HSDPA@21, HSUPA@5.8, etc…). 3G Mobile backhauling chains will be mainly of two different types: −Microwave Link: Voice (R99) and Data (HSDPA) are transported over a radio link (or a tree made up of multiple radio links) from Node B to Wind Transmission POP. Starting from 2009 new Ethernet Microwaves will be deploy in Wind Network −Fibre: Voice and Data Traffic is backhauled directly connecting Node B to Wind Transmission Pop by fibre. Mobile Broadband Backhauling

12. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 12 Long Term Evolution has been frozen in R8 as first release. Commercially it is available by 1Q11 In the first release LTE supports Data rates up to 150 Mbit/s in downlink and 50 Mbit/s in uplink (in 20MHZ bandwidth @2600MHz). Advanced antenna schemas like TX-diversity and MIMO 2x2 are included. Handover times are short enough to support VoIP traffic. For LTE a new layer network has to be considered as it changes completely the access technology (new Mobile terminals are required) and the Network Architecture: Node B evolves (eNodeB) till include all controller functionality (no RNC element is required). Evolved Packet Core Evolved Radio Access Network LTE Architecture MME LTE eNodeB SAE GW Other access IP Networks 2G/3G SignalingUser Traffic

13. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 13 3G Direct Tunnel: first step towards LTE/SAE introduction Benefits Fully standard solution included in 3GPP R7 specs Off-load SGSN from 3G user plane traffic Facilitate handling of the user plane traffic in the core network, creating a tunnel directly from RNC and GGSN, involving the SGSN just in the control plane The right timing for 3GDT implementation depends mainly on the traffic load in the network and the existing capacity 2G 3G 2G 3G 2G 3G SGSN GGSN SGSN ‘SGSN’ RNC LTE Dual Access SGSN 3G Direct Tunnel (3GPP R7) LTE (3GPP R8) RNC ‘GGSN’

14. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 14 LTE/SAE Support in Mobile Packet Core Mobility Management Entity involved just in signaling plane allows independent UP/CP scalability, more flexible topology It was expected to be co-located in the current SGSN, as a software upgrade only A flat system architecture with one generic SAE GW node, again just a software upgrade of existing GGSN, supporting all access technologies LTE is a packet only access, no CS: IMS is used to provide voice service

15. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 15 Around 6-7 years from Standards Publication to around 50 M Subs for Successful Wireless Standards From Standards to Success

16. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 16 Worldwide LTE mobile broadband users by 2017 Source : September 4, 2009 - Jim O’Neill - Fierce Wireless Europe. Asia will dominate LTE by 2016 According to a new report (07-09-2009) from Juniper Research, the number of Long Term Evolution (LTE) subscribers is expected to exceed 100 million by 2014, a number buoyed by embedded devices such as MP3 players, netbooks and digital cameras. LTE Mobile Broadband Forecast

17. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 17 Global 3G Subscription Forecast - 2014 Source: Informa Telecom & Media Forecast Summary, 4Q2009

18. Network Development Department20 Maggio 2010 18 Thank you!