Topics: What is Speech? The Parts of Speech The Gender of Nouns in Arabic Proper Nouns (Names) The Demonstrative Pronoun ( اسم الإشارة ) Constructing simple sentences with “This / that is a …” Asking and answering simple questions: “Who is this / that?” and “What is this / that?” Also, “Is this / that a …?” Answering with “yes” or “no”.

Speech may be defined as a combination of words that convey a complete meaning. Thus, speech is composed of at least two words, and it must make sense. In Arabic Speech is أَلْكَلاَمُ. Learning a language is all about understanding speech and producing speech in that language.

1. Praise be to Allah! 2. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. 3. Men and women who fear Allah. 4. The pious are those who fear Allah. 5. Allah is the Greatest. 6. Fear Allah! 7. Eat! 8. Eating too fast. 9. Stop! 10. Those who do good.

What are the Parts of Speech?

In Arabic, there are three parts of speech. They are اَلاِسْمُ Noun اَلْفِعْلُ Verb اَلْحَرْفُ Particle

It is any word that refers to a person, animal, plant, thing or idea. Thus, it includes what in English are nouns, pronouns and adjectives. For example: A roseA bookA penBigSmall وَرْدَةٌكِتَابٌقَلَمٌكَبِيرٌصَغِيرٌ HeSheBoyGirlCat هُوَهِيَوَلَدٌبِنْتٌقِطٌّ

It is any word that shows an action being performed at a specific time, past, present or future. E.g. FuturePresentPast سَيَقْرَأُ He will read يَقْرَأُ He reads قَرَأَ He read سَيَكْتُبُ He will write يَكْتُبُ He writes كَتَبَ He wrote سَتَقْرَأُ She will read تَقْرَأُ She reads قَرَأَتْ She read سَتَكْتَبُ She will write تَكْتَبُ She writes كَتَبَتْ She wrote

It is any word that cannot stand on its own, but needs a noun or a verb to support it. It includes what in English are prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. E.g. لاَ no, not نَعَمْ Yes إِنَّ Verily يَا... O … عَلَى On هَلْ (question) ثُمَّ Then فِي In سَوْفَ (future) وَ And مِنْ From لَوْ If

In Arabic there are two genders, masculine and feminine. Feminine nouns end with ة while masculine nouns do not. Feminine الْمُؤَنَّثُ Masculine الْمُذَكَّرُ a woman إِمْرَأَةٌ a man رَجُلٌ a friend صَدِيقَةٌ a friend صَدِيقٌ a student طَالِبَةٌ a student طَالِبٌ a teacher مُدَرِّسَةٌ a teacher مُدَرِّسٌ a wife زَوْجَةٌ a husband زَوْجٌ

Non-living things are either masculine or feminine. E.g. بَيْتٌ a house بَابٌ a door مَكْتَبٌ a desk المذكر Mas. كُرْسِيٌّ a chair قَلَمٌ a pen كِتَابٌ a book نَافِذَةٌ a window غُرْفَةٌ a room مَدْرَسَةٌ a school المؤنث Fem. سَاعَةٌ a watch سَيَّارَةٌ a car مِسْطَرَةٌ a ruler

بَيْتٌ بَابٌ مَكْتَبٌ كُرْسِيٌّقَلَمٌ كِتَابٌ نَافِذَةٌ غُرْفَةٌ مَدْرَسَةٌ سَاعَةٌسَيَّارَةٌ مِسْطَرَةٌ زَوْجٌ زَوْجَةٌ مُدَرِّسٌ مُدَرِّسَةٌ طَالِبٌ طَالِبَةٌصَدِيقٌ صَدِيقَةٌ رَجُلٌ إِمْرَأَةٌ وَلَدٌبِنْتٌ

a windowa room a school a watch a cara ruler a house a door a desk a chair a pen a book a husband a wife a teacher (m) a teacher (f) a student (m) a student (f) a friend (m) a friend (f) a mana woman a boy a girl

Some nouns that refer to female persons do not end with ة. Some nouns that refer to male persons end with ة. E.g. Note: Words such as دَاعِيَةٌ and عَلاَّمَةٌ are common to males and females. Here are the corresponding masculine nouns. a sister أُخْتٌ a girl بِنْتٌ a mother أُمٌّ a brother أَخٌ a boy وَلَدٌ a father أَبٌ a caliph خَلِيفَةٌ a missionary دَاعِيَةٌ a scholar عَلاَّمَةٌ

Some common everyday words which do not have ة are feminine by usage. Eg. Also, body parts that come in pairs are feminine. Eg. كَعْبٌإِصْبَعٌيدٌمِرْفَقٌقَدَمٌرِجْلٌأُذُنٌعَيْ نٌ ankletoe, fingerhandelbowfoot eareye رُوحٌرِيحٌأَرْ ضٌ دَارٌنَارٌسَبِيلٌسَمَا ءٌ شَمْ سٌ soulwindearthhousefirepathskysun Body parts that are single are masculine, unless they have ة Eg. رَأْ سٌ وَجْ هٌ أَنْ فٌ headfacenose

Proper nouns are names. Feminine names usually have ة while masculine names do not. E.g. Masculine NamesFeminine Names مُحَمَّدٌزَيْدٌعَلِيٌّعَائِشَةُخَدِيجَةُفَاطِمَةُ خَالِدٌسَمِيرٌنَبِيلٌخَالِدَةُسَمِيرَةُنَبِيلَةُ Masculine NamesFeminine Names حَمْزَةُأُسَامَةُطَلْحَةُزَيْنَبُأَسْمَاءُمَرْيَمُ Below are some exceptions to the above rule.

الْمُذَكَّرُ (Masculine) الْمُؤَنَّثُ (Feminine) هٰذَاهٰذِهِ This ذٰلِكَ / ذَاكَتِلْكَ That هٰذَا رَجُلٌ This is a man. ذٰلِكَ وَلَدٌ That is a boy. هٰذِهِ امْرَأَةٌ This is a woman. تِلْكَ بِنْتٌ That is a girl.  

Exercise: Read the following words with هٰذَا or هٰذِهِ before them, then translate into English مُدَرِّ سٌ طَالِ بَةٌ صَدِي قٌ رَجُلٌ أُمٌّ طَالِ بٌ وَلَدٌ بِنْتٌ دَاعِيَ ةٌ أُخْتٌ فَاطِمَ ةُ زَوْجٌزَيْنَبُ مُدَرِّ سَةٌ أَخٌ حَمْزَ ةُ أَبٌزَيْدٌ صَدِي قَةٌ إِمْرَأَةٌ عَلاَّمَ ةٌ خَلِي فَةٌ زَوْجَ ةٌ طَلْحَةُ

Exercise: Read the following words with ذٰلِكَ or تِلْكَ before them, then translate into English. مُدَرِّسٌ طَالِبَةٌ صَدِيقٌرَجُلٌ أُمٌّ طَالِبٌ وَلَدٌ بِنْتٌدَاعِيَةٌ أُخْتٌ فَاطِمَ ةُ زَوْجٌزَيْنَبُ مُدَرِّسَ ةٌ أَخٌحَمْزَةُ أَبٌزَيْدٌ صَدِيقَةٌ إِمْرَأَةٌ عَلاَّمَ ةٌ خَلِيفَةٌ زَوْجَ ةٌ طَلْحَةُ

طَالِبٌ نَافِذَةٌ مِسْطَرَ ةٌ دَاعِ يَةٌ بِنْتٌ بَا بٌ Exercise: Read these words with “ هٰذَا ” or “ هٰذِهِ ” then translate. سَمَا ءٌ سَبِي لٌ عَيْنٌ أُذُ نٌ أَرْ ضٌ مِرْ فَقٌ رِي حٌ يدٌ نَا رٌ رِجْلٌقَدَمٌ إِصْ بَعٌ دَارٌ رُو حٌ كَعْبٌ مَدْرَ سَةٌ سَاعَ ةٌ مَكْتَبٌ مُدَرِّ سَةٌ كُرْسِ يٌّ بَيْتٌ قَلَمٌ Exercise: Read these words with “ ذٰلِكَ ” or “ تِلْكَ ” then translate.

مَنْ هٰذَا؟ Who is this? هٰذَا أَخٌ This is a brother. مَنْ هٰذِهِ؟ Who is this? هٰذِهِ أُخْتٌ This is a sister. مَنْ ذَاكَ / ذَلِكَ؟ Who is that? ذَاكَ أَحْمدُ That is Ahmad. مَنْ تِلْكَ؟ Who is that? تِلْكَ زَيْنَبُ That is Zaynab.

مَا هٰذِهِ ؟ fem. مَا هٰذَا ؟ masc. هٰذَا كِتَابٌ This is a book. هٰذِهِ سَاعَةٌ This is a watch. مَا ذَلِكَ ؟ masc. مَا تِلْكَ ؟ fem. ذَلِكَ قَلَمٌ That is a pen. تِلْكَ سَيَّارَةٌ That is a car.

Point to one of these pictures and ask your friend in Arabic “Who is this?” or “What is this?” Take turns asking and answering.

أَهٰذَا كِتَابٌ؟. نَعَمْ ، هٰذَا كِتَابٌ Is this a book?Yes, this is a book. أَهٰذَا كِتَابٌ؟. لاَ ، هٰذِهِ سَاعَةٌ Is this a book?No, this is a watch. Another way of asking “is this a book?” هَلْ هَذَا كِتَابٌ؟ The particle أَ changes a statement into a question. The particle هَلْ also changes a statement into a question.

Point to a picture and ask each other in Arabic “Is this a …?” Take turns asking and answering.