Chapter 1 – Lesson 1-2 Understanding Computers

L1-1 Exploring Computer Systems Explain how input devices are suited to certain kinds of data Distinguish between RAM and ROM Identify and appropriate output device for different types of data Contrast different storage devices

Computer System Several devices that perform the 4 basic functions of computing Input Processing Output Storage

Input Devices – entering data, such as text, images, or sounds. Keyboard Mouse Trackball Touchpad Joystick Digital Cameras Scanners Microphones

Input Devices

Processing Devices Located inside the computer and it travels from one device to another through computers motherboard.

Processing Devices CPU – main processing device (central processing unit) Carry fewer than 1,000 instructions Perform millions of these operations every second

Processing Devices RAM – primary storage, temporary storage of instructions and data using chips called random access memory ROM – Read-only memory – chips that contain instructions that start the computer. These instructions do not change

Output Devices Devices that display the results of the processing Computer screen Printer Speakers or headphones

Storage Devices Magnetic Media : Floppy-disk, USB, Zips, REV drives USB: universal serial bus

Storage Devices Flash Media : use non-magnetic storage medium called flash memory Used in digital cameras, handheld computers, and flash drives

Storage Devices Optical Media: CD – ROM, and DVD CD-R, CD-RW, or DVD/CD-RW used to record data onto blank disk CD-ROM, and DVD drives can only read data stored CD can store 650 megabytes or 74 mins of audio 700 megabytes or 80 mins

L1-2Making Computers Work Explain the Binary System Describe how software is written and translated Summarize the tasks of operating systems Identify two leading operating systems and explain why compatibility is an issue.

Digital Computing Binary system: recognize two possible values Bits (pieces) values 8 bits together make a byte A byte has 256 possible values from 00000000 to 11111111

Digital Computing Letter Code Number A 01000001 1 00110001 B 01000010 2 00110010 C 01000011 3 00110011 D ? 4

Digital Computing Letter Code Number A 01000001 1 00110001 B 01000010 2 00110010 C 01000011 3 00110011 D 01000100 4 00110100

Software Provides Directions Step by Step Instructions (Software Language) 1. Get the number stored in a particular location in RAM 2. Get another number from another particular location 3. Add the two numbers 4. Copy the answer to another particular location in RAM

Software Provides Directions Programmers write program’s source code. Compilers translate the source code into binary form, using only 0’s and 1’s The result is the object code.

Operating Systems Software that tells the computer how to do its work is the --- OPERATING SYSTEM Two most popular operating systems are Microsoft Windows Macintosh OS (Apple Computers)

Types of Computers for Companies Supercomputers mainframe

Types of Computers for Companies Minicomputers server

Types of Computers for Individuals workstations Desktop

Types of Computers for Individuals Portable computer Handheld computer

Test Your Knowledge 2. This is an example of input or output devices 1. This picture is an example of Input or output devices 2. This is an example of input or output devices

Test Your Knowledge 3. The 4 basic functions of computing include all the following except? A. processing B. input C. storage D. commanding 4. A camera can be an example of an input device. TRUE FALSE

Test Your Knowledge 5. Which of the following device houses all the chips and circuits a computer needs in order to function? A. Table B. Motherboard C. Printer D. Storage 6. Which is also called primary storage? A. ROM B. RAM C. CPU D. DVD

Test Your Knowledge 7. Which of the following is an example of a secondary storage? A. CD B. ROM C. USB D. Both A & C 8. Which is known as the language of computers? A. Byte B. RAM C. ROM D. Binary Code

Test Your Knowledge 9. How many bits are needed to form a byte? C. 8 D. 9 10. Which is an example of a binary number? A. 10011001 B. -342 C. 67439622 D. .0000002

Test Your Knowledge 11. The binary code for the letter A is? 12. ______ write the software and special language for computers. A. architects B. technicians C. programmers D. electricians

Test Your Knowledge 13. What would you most likely use a microphone to input? A. commands B. images C. sound D. text 14. What are the two most popular operating systems? A. Word & Excel B. Microsoft Windows & Macintosh OS C. Macintosh OS & Apple D. Powerpoint and MS

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