What is the Counter-Reformation?

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Presentation transcript:

Title: The Counter/Catholic-Reformation LO: What was the Council of Trent? What happened there?

What is the Counter-Reformation? Long before Luther started the Reformation many Catholics had been calling for change in the Church. Many also wanted spiritual reform to help bring people closer to God. The Protestant reformation forced the Church to address these problems. This is referred to as the ‘Counter-Reformation’.

The Council of Trent

Scotland: Calvinist England: Anglicanism Sweden/ Germany: Lutheran Italy/France/Spain: RC

What was the council of Trent? I’m excited to find out, as I’m sure each and every single one of you are. Open your books up to p. 25 and answer questions 1-6 in your books! Answers need to be in full sentences!!

What was the Council of Trent? Called by Paul III (r. 1534-1549) who realized the that a Catholic Reform was needed. He called a ‘general council’ of the Church to clearly state Catholic Teachings, and renew the Church spiritually and practically. Especially directed to those who had been challenged by the Protestant Reformers.

What was the Council of Trent? Takes its name from the city of Trent (Trentino) in Northern Italy. Close to the German lands where many of the Protestants were. Lasted 18 years, over 3 sessions: first period: 1545-1548 second period: 1551-1552 third period: 1562-1563 It was interrupted by politics, wars and plague.

Trent Decisions: Doctrine Doctrine of transubstantiation is upheld. (Jesus is truly present in the Eucharist) The Mass is a sacrifice. Presided over by a Priest. The position of the Pope as the successor of St Peter and the Vicar of Christ was affirmed. Human nature is not totally depraved. Justification comes through faith, hope and charity (love) which includes good works. Scripture and Tradition are an expression of God’s Revelation. Traditional 7 Sacraments were upheld.

Trent Decisions: Church Discipline A seminary for the education of priests was to be set up in each diocese. Decrees were passed against pluralism and absenteeism by clergy and religious. Indulgence selling was abolished. System where one person controlled a number of parishes Bishops held ‘titles’ to dioceses they never visited but received taxes from them.

After Trent A Roman Catechism was written to help priests educate the laity. (1566) The Roman Missal (1570) set out a reformed and uniform order of the Mass throughout the Catholic world. The infamous Inquisition was established.

The Inquisition Had been first formed in the 13th century, for trying those accused of heresy. It had virtually fallen into disuse. In 1542 it was revived to suppress heresy, particularly in Italy and Spain. Torture was often used to extract confessions and those condemned of heresy were often handed over to the State to be burned.