Subpart H-Material Handling, Storage, Use and Disposal CFR 1926.250 Vincent J. Giblin, General President Phone: (304) 253-8674 Fax: (304) 253-7758 E-mail: hazmat@iuoeiettc.org 1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813 Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal This lesson is for discussion of the general requirements for: 1. Storage 2. Disposal 3. Rigging 4. Manual Handling Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 1. Storage: The proper arrangement of materials prevents falling or the collapsing of structures. A. All materials stored in tiers shall be stacked, racked, blocked, interlocked, or otherwise secured to prevent sliding, falling or collapse. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal B. Maximum safe load limits of floors within buildings and structures in pounds per square foot, shall be conspicuously posted in all storage areas, except for floor or slab on grade. Maximum safe loads shall not be exceeded. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal C. Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear to provide for the free and safe movement of material handling equipment or employees. Such areas shall be kept in good repair. D. When a difference in road or working levels exists, means such as ramps, blocking, or grading shall be used to ensure the safe movement of vehicles between the two levels. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal E. Material stored inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within 6 feet of any hoistway or inside floor openings, nor within 10 feet of an exterior wall which does not extend above the top of the material stored. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal F. Each employee required to work on stored material in silos, hoppers, tanks, and similar storage areas shall be equipped with personal fall arrest equipment. G. Non compatible materials shall be segregated in storage. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal H. Bagged materials shall be stacked by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least every 10 bags high. I. Materials shall not be stored on scaffolds or runways in excess of supplies needed for immediate operations Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal J. Brick stacks shall not be more than 7 ft. in height (stepped back 2 inches per ft. after 4 ft. in height) K. Masonry block stacks tiered after 6 ft. in height (stepped back 1/2 block after 6 ft. in height) L. Lumber piles shall not exceed 20 ft. in height (shall not exceed 16 ft. if stacked manually) Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal The following is an example of a situation where a citation will be issued: * Storage of material within 10 ft. of the exterior edge of an open sided floor Material shall not be stored within 10 ft. of an exterior wall which does not extend above top of material Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 2. Disposal: Waste material should properly be disposed of. A. All scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish shall be removed from the immediate work area as the work progresses. B. Disposal of waste material or debris by burning shall comply with local fire regulations Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 2. Disposal: Waste material (continued) C. All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from work site. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 2. Disposal: Waste material (continued) D. Whenever materials are dropped more than 20 feet to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the building, an *enclosed chute of wood, or equivalent material, shall be used. * An enclosed chute is described as a slide, closed in on all sides, through which material is moved from a high place to a lower one. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 2. Disposal: Waste material (continued) E. When debris is dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 42 inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the projected edge of the opening above. Warning hazard signs will accompany this procedure. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 2. Disposal: Waste material (continued) The following is an examples of a situation where a citation will be issued: * No chute when disposing material over 20 ft. All material dropped over 20 ft. outside of building shall be in an enclosed chute. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: General guidelines for safe procedures around a rigging operation:  Never stand close to or under a load  Never hoist loads over workers  Never ride a load  Attach hardware above the center of gravity Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: General guidelines for safe procedures around a rigging operation:  Do not exceed listed limits of safe load weight.  Attach tag lines to control load movement.  Check rigging with a safety test list.  Remove rigging equipment when not in use. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: Rigging applies to slings used in conjunction with other material handling equipment for the movement of material by hoisting. It shall be inspected prior to each shift use and as necessary during use to ensure safety. Defective rigging equipment shall be removed from service. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: Each day a *Competent Person shall inspect rigging equipment. It has been noted that many employees are unable to read wire rope rigging charts. For this reason a Competent Person is always assigned. This person must be capable of identifying hazards and have the authority to correct them. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: The types of slings covered: A. Alloy steel chain B. Wire rope C. Natural or Synthetic fiber rope D. Synthetic web Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: (View Tables H-1 & H-2) A. Alloy steel chains-General rules: 1. Slings shall have permanently affixed durable identification stating capacities, manufacturer and material. 2. Thorough periodic inspection shall be made on regular basis. 3. Attachments shall have a rated capacity at least equal to the chain. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: (View Tables H-1 & H-2) A. Alloy steel chains-General rules: 4. Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments, shall not be used. 5. The rated capacity (working load limit) for alloy steel chain slings shall conform to the values shown in Table H-1. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: (View Tables H-1 & H-2) A. Alloy steel chains-General rules: 6. Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds that shown in Table H-2,the assembly should be removed from service. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope: (Use Tables H-3 to H-14) These tables are used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope- General rules : 1. Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted. 2. Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul back lines on scrapers. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope- General rules : 3. When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes*, Table H-20 shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips. *The “U” section of U-bolt contacts the end of the wire rope (dead end) folded up; saddle of clips faces long side of rope. There is an old expression used: Don’t saddle a dead horse. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope- General rules : 4. Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices as they reduce the safe working loads to an unknown level. 5. Do not use if broken wires (measuring in lengths of 8 diameters) exceed 10 % of the total number of wires. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope- General rules : 6. Sling legs shall not be kinked. 7. Slings used in a basket hitch shall have the loads balanced to prevent slippage. 8. Slings shall be padded or protected from the sharp edges of their loads. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope- General rules : 9. Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling and its load while the sling is being tightened around the load. 10. Shock loading is prohibited. 11. A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope- General rules: 12. Cable laid, (6 X 19), and (6 X 37) slings shall have a minimum clear length of wire rope 10 times the component rope diameter between splices, sleeves or end fittings. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: B. Wire rope- General rules: 13. Welding of end attachments, except covers to thimbles, shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling. 14. Safe operating temperatures for: Fiber core- permanently removed if exposed to temperatures >200o F Non-fiber core- refer to sling manufacturer Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: C. Natural or Synthetic fiber rope: Tables H-15 to H-18 are used to determine the required standards for the various types of slings covered here. The sling manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed whenever these charts do not apply to a given situation. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: C. Natural or Synthetic fiber rope- General rules: 1. All splices in rope slings provided by the employer shall be made in accordance with fiber rope manufacturers recommendations. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: C. Natural or Synthetic fiber rope: 2. Follow safe operating temperatures: May be used in temperature range from 20o F to plus 180o F without decreasing the working load limit. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: C. Natural or Synthetic fiber rope: 3. End attachments should not have sharp edges or projections in order to prevent cutting the rope when carrying a load. 4. Spliced fiber slings should not be used unless they follow the strict requirements applied for each individual type of rope. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: C. Natural or Synthetic fiber rope: 5. Remove from service if rope suffers from: a. Abnormal wear f. Discoloration b. Variations in size g. Rotting c. Roundness of strand h. Distortion of hardware d. Powdered fiber between strands e. Broken or cut fibers Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: D. Synthetic webbing- General rules: 1. Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split from the webbing’s width. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: D. Synthetic webbing- General rules: 2. Fittings shall be of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the sling; and free of al sharp edges that could in any damage the webbing. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: D. Synthetic webbing- General rules: 3. Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to webbing and to form eyes. 4. Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are present. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: D. Synthetic webbing- General rules: 5. Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall bot be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present. 6. Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: D. Synthetic webbing- General rules: 7. Synthetic web slings of polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 180o F. 8. Polypropylene web slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 200o F. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: D. Synthetic webbing- General rules: 9. Remove from service if rope suffers from: a. Acid or caustic burns b. Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface c. Snags, punctures, tears or cuts d. Broken or worn stitches e. Distortion of fittings Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: The following is an example of a situation where a citation will be issued: * Not inspecting rigging for defects Rigging shall be inspected prior to each shift use and as necessary during use to ensure safety. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 3. Rigging: The following is an example of a situation where a citation will be issued: * Competent person does not know capacity of rigging. OSHA found a high prevalence of Competent Persons not knowing how many broken wires were allowed for wire rope slings. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 4. Manual Handling: There are guidelines to follow in order to avoid high incidence of back injuries and to avoid potential accidents. Safe lifting techniques for manual lifting should be practiced at the work site by supervisors as well as by employees. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 4. Manual Handling: A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover the following topics: A. Awareness of the health risks to improper lifting. B. Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, the muscles, and the joints of the trunk, and the contributions of intra-abdominal pressure while lifting. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 4. Manual Handling: A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover the following topics: C. Awareness of individual body strengths and weaknesses. Be smart. Evaluate the lift. Lift it correctly. Be aware of warning signals when lifting. D. Recognize the physical factors that might contribute to an accident, and how to avoid the unexpected. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 4. Manual Handling: A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover the following topics: E. Use safe lifting postures and timing for smooth, easy lifting and the ability to minimize the load-moment effects. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal 4. Manual Handling: A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover the following topics: F. Use any handling aids (stages, steps, trestles, etc.) that may be helpful in deterring a potential accident. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal Exercise # 1: Injury Four workers were starting a pile driving operation. The hammer fell, striking timbers on the ground. How should the workers have been protected? Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

Material Handling Storage, Use and Disposal Exercise # 2: Fatality Two employees were raising a 6000 lb. piece of equipment with 2 hydraulic jacks and 4" X 4" uprights under a 5/8" side rail. When the end was jacked up, the equipment fell, killing one worker. How could this have been avoided? Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program End This publication was made possible by grant numbers 5 U45 ES06182-13 AND 5 U45 ES09763-13 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program