The CONTRIBUTION of BALTIC ECO-ENERGY CLUSTER (BKEE) in DEVELOPMENT of RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR in NORTHERN POLAND J. Kiciński, J. Mikielewicz Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk OPEN DAYS 2008 – European Week of Regions and Cities Brussels, 6-9 October 2008

CONTENTS  RENEWABLE ENERGY – GENERAL  BKEE – GENERAL  BKEE – RESEARCH PROJECTS  BKEE – INFRASTRUCTURE and CUSTOMER IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS

RENEWABLE ENERGY TRENDS for EUROPE:  FAMOUS 3x20% BY YEAR 2020,  DISTRIBUTED COGENERATION of FUEL, HEAT and ELECTRCIC POWER,  LESS FUEL IMPORTS from NON-DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES MOST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY  GASIFICATION (FERMENTATION) of ENERGETIC PLANTS and CONVERSION of BIOMETHANE for COGENERATION of HEAT AND ELECTRIC ENERGY EFFICIENCY of PRIMARY ENERGY CONVERSION IN EXCESS of 85% TRENDS for POLAND until YEAR 2020  RENEWABLE ENERGY from BIOMASS (78%), WIND and HYDRO (22%)  POTENTIAL OF POLISH ENERGY AGRICULTURE: FAST TRANSFORMATION OF 2-3 MLN ha of WASTE LANDS (10-15% of FARM LAND) FINALLY: 4-6 MLN ha with no loss to FOOD PRODUCTION 1.5 MLN ha of CORN YIELDS 7.5 BLN M3 of BIOMETHANE, EQUIVELENT of CURRENT POLISH IMPORTS of NATURAL GAS

PROSPECTS and STRUCTURE Of RENEWABLE ENERGY in POLAND % Contribution of renewable energy in production of electric energy 7.5 % Biomass 53% Biomass 46% Biomass 1.6% Wind 0.3% Wind 6% Wind 31% Hydro 98.1% Hydro 48% Hydro 16%

DISTRIBUTED COGENERATION CFHP - Small and Medium Scale Combined Production of Fuel, Heat and Power

THE LARGEST ECOENERGY CLUSTER in POLAND!! BKEE GOLDEN TRIANGLE BALTIC ECO-ENERGY CLUSTER contains 36 entities SCIENCECOMPANIES LOCAL AUTHORITIES REGIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY

Main mission of BKEE  introduce and promote a widely understood idea of distributed co-generation, i.e. simultaneous small and medium scale production of thermal energy and electricity from renewable energy sources, mainly biomass, but also by converting water, solar and wind energy. Actions taken by BKEE oriented on : reducing the proportion of fossil fuels as the primary energy sources, with simultaneous significant increase of the use of bio-fuels and other sources of renewable energy, stimulating development of green energy related new technologies and training specialists, assistance in starting production of facilities and systems for bio-energy industry, promoting and supporting energy saving technologies, developing ecological awareness, and professional activation of rural area residents.

Main beneficiaries of BKEE activity:  business people investing in agro energy complexes, cogeneration micro power plants, and other renewable energy based power plants,  producers of facilities and installations for agro energy complexes and micro power plants; including innovation and implementation oriented businesses,  energetic plant planters and biofuel producers providing energy for agro energy complexes,  local authorities - by meeting energy needs of residents, increasing employment and tax incomes, promoting the region, local communities interested in environment protection - by reducing the emission of harmful substances to the atmosphere,  groups of scientists - by gaining extra financial resources for scientific research.

Operational Programme: Innovative Economy (POIG) BKEE Projects R&D PROJECT 1 „MODEL AGROENERGY COMPLEXES IN DISTRIBUTED COGENERATION OF HEAT AND POWER” R&D PROJECT 2 „COGENERATIVE FUEL, HEAT AND POWER (CFHP) STATIONS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY ” Project head: Prof. J. Kiciński

The Baltic Sea Bioenergy Promotion Programme under Interregional Cooperation Programme INTERREG IV C 1 OTHER BKEE PROJECTS 7 FP 2 Reduction of CO 2 emission in northern Poland by strengthening the R&D potential in eco-energy field Border-free enegry care – Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation NORWEGIAN FINANSE MECHANISM 3

ECOENERGY CFHP STATIONS BIOMASS CFHP STATIONS BIOGAS REACTOR MULTI-FUEL BURNER MICROTURBINE ORC (LOW-TEMPERATURE BOILING MEDIA) MICRO WIND TURBINE STATIONS MICRO HYDRO POWER STATIONS INTELIGENT ECOENERGY MICROGRIDS ELASTIC MANAGEMENT of SUPPLY and DEMEND FINAL EFFECTS: PROTOTYPES, DEMOS, CUSTOMER IMPLEMENTATIONS Cheap wind turbine for Individual customers Low head hydro turbines FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF PROJECTS INTEGRATED RAFINERY HYBRID SYSTEMS: - SOLAR AIR- CONDITIONING - FULE CELLS SMALL PHOTOVOLTAIC STATIONS

Biogas reactor Biorafinery BIOMASS STATION: CFHP ORC Multi-fuel burner 50°C oiloil pure H2 biomet h an e wood, pe l let s coal Low-boiling medium Electric energy receivers Heat receivers biomet h anol o il hot w ater ga s synt hesis Mi c roturbin e ORC freeze Generator 90°C biomet h anol bioet h anol

Why ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) ? (low-boiling medium)  Possibility to use low-temperature heat sources,  Possibility to use biogas and biomass,  Possibility to utilise recovery heat,  Modular construction,  Possibility of trigeneration, operation with diesel engine, gas turbine, fuel cells  Vapour Rankine cycle with a turbine working on low-boiling fluid in a specific power range,  Innovative design of multi-fuel burner operating with ORC,  Innovative design of high-rotating turbogenerator, technology of high-rotating bearings,  Innovative design of micro heat exchangers,  Application of new simulation methods of flow and dynamic system, new methods of diagnostics of technical state of the system,  Utilisation of recovery heat for production of freeze. Innovation of ORC – scientific input

Why biogas (biomethane) from fermentation ?  Biogas obtained in the process of non-oxide fermentation can be a substitue for natural gas for local energy use;  Production of biomethane is clean for the environment,  Biomethane has the EROEI factor higher than plant oils.  New technologies of production of energy plants and new models of chain supply of biomass;  New technologies of fermentation depending on the type of plant biomass input parameters;  Upgrade of biogas for fuel cell usage. Innovation of biogas technology - scientific input

PHILOSOPHY of POLIGENERATION Now: modernisation of heat stations Future: poligeneration mCHP ORC biomass coal Heat receivers biomass heat electric energy Air-conditiong biogas reactior

Cogeneration allows for full application of exergy (temperature potential) 80 kW of heat 80 kW of heat + 20 kW of electr. energy from CHP (20 % en. eff.) 85 o C 985 o C 900 K 20 kW of electr. energy from power station (33% en. eff.) Fuel needed In separate production Fuel needed In cogeneration

mCHP ORC – Energy and economic efficiency biomas s heat 80% electric energy 20% 53% 47% Gain appr. 70% Energy efficiency Economic efficiency COGENERATION (HEAT and ELECTRIC ENERGY) GENARATION of HEAT

Micro CHP market segments Segment 1 Individual customers Electric power 4 kW Heat power 2 0 kW Electric power Nx 4 0 kW Heat power Nx2 0 0 kW Segment 2 Local societies, medium enterprises Modular CHP station

Best wind conditions in Nothern Poland Many potential users of wind turbines Low investment at mass production Micro Wind Turbine for individual customers Vertical axis turbine Horizontal axis turbine Why wind turbines ? New designs of rotors with vertical and horizontal axis Cheap, light and easily mounted column Production and storage of energy Main interest - 3 kW – sold in supermarkets Customer tailored 10 – 15 kW Professional ~ 500kW Power range Innovation

Why small hydro power should be developed? Head structure in Poland - almost 50% are low-head objects, not used Micro hydro power: Low-head turbines Low-head hydro turbine parameters: Head: H = (1.5 – 4 ) m sł. wody Flow: Q = (0.3 – 12) m 3 /s Power: P e = (10 – 350) kW Expected efficiency:  = (75 – 85)% Rotation coefficient: n SQ = ( ) New blading systems of high a rotation coefficient, Control system for adjustable rotational velocity, New design methods, Optimisation of usage of water resources. Innovation

Photovoltaic ?  Photovoltaic systems can be integrated with buildings (BIPV)  Photovoltaic systems can be part of hybryd systems operating with wind turbines and fuel cells Goals:  Determination of the possibility and effectiveness of utilisation of sun radiation for energy production in Northern Poland;  Optimisation of energy systems and microgrids;  Elaboration of strategy for the development of photovoltaic in Poland

Hybrid systems: photovoltaic + wind turbine + low-head hydro turbine + fuel cells + energy store Electric energy receivers WIND O2O2 oxygen hydrogen 8KW Energy store hydrogen + oxygen Production of H 2 Low-temperature Fuel cells PEM Electric power 8 KW Heat power 3 KW Wind turbine Low-head hydro turbine Compressed air store 3 KW Solar air-conditioning Photovoltaic moduls Electric energy storage and conversion Heat receivers Biogas reactor High Temperature Fuel Cell SOFC (800°C) Biomethane

Model of Ecoenergy Complex and Microgrid Simulation of energy production in cogenerative systems Dokumentacje projektów technologicznych; Dokumentacje projektów instalacji; Dokumentacje eksploatacyjne; Zbiory norm i uregulowań prawnych

R & D „ COGENERATIVE FUEL, HEAT AND POWER STATIONS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY ” POIG 1.3 Implementation of R & D results „ MICRO CHP STATION” Implementation of R & D results „LOW-HEAD HYRDO POWER STATION ” Implementation of R & D results „BIOGAS REACTOR COMPLEX in ORNETA” LABORATORIES, DEMOS AND CUSTOMER IMPLEMENTATIONS Complementary projects 1.3. R & D POIG: 2.1. R & D Infrastrukture PRIORITY AND ACTION: 1.4. Implementation of R & D results BENEFICIARY: ENERGA SA, ZRE GDAŃSK BENEFICIARY: ENERGA SA BENEFICIARY: ENERGA SA R & D Infrastructure „MICRO CHP LABORATORY” POIG 2.1 POIG 1.4

On the way to an agro-energy complex IMPLEMENTATIONS

Model of Complex in Jezierzyce

Poligeneration based on biomass 1.Cogeneration unit of power 100 kWe i 200 kWt 2.Easy set-up 3.Easy co-operation with a heat pump for freeze production 4.Generator driven by a gas turbine 5.Demand for heat guaranteed Complex in w Jezierzyce

Complex in Jezierzyce: Effects 1.100% increase of demand for biomss, up to 12 – 13 thousand GJ/a 2.CO 2 emission reduction– 500 t/year 3.Considerable finansial and strategic effect – no need for supply from outside sources 4.Development of biomass logistics 5. Competence centre (for renewable energy) open for people 6. Contact with school and scientific centres – practical training for pupils

Gmina Kępice After modernisation: biomass heat station in Biesowice Before modernisation

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