Nicolette Laird Period 3 Down Syndrome Nicolette Laird Period 3

What is Down Syndrome? Also known as Trisomy 21 A person has 2 sets of Chromosome 21 They have 47 Chromosomes instead of the normal 46 Creates problems with physical and mental development Is not hereditary

Normal Genotype Vs. Down Syndrome Genotype

Age Affects Down Syndrome The chances of having a child with Down Syndrome increases with age 30 years of age: 1 in 900 chance of having a child with Down Syndrome 35 years of age: 1 in 350 40 years of age: 1 in 100

Diagnosis Diagnosis occurs at birth or shortly thereafter Diagnosis is confirmed by a chromosome test Karyotype: a test that shows chromosomes grouped by size, number, and shape

Physical Attributes Decreased muscle tone (hypotonia) Excess skin at the nape of the neck Flattened nose Single crease in the palm of the hand Small ears Small mouth Upward slanting eyes Don’t grow to full height

Learning Children have delayed mental and social development Learn and grasp topics at a slower pace than other children Lack of muscle tone makes it difficult to talk and use fine motor skills (holding a pencil or building block towers)

Health Problems Heart defects Loss of sight and hearing Underactive thyroid High blood pressure Intestinal problems Higher risk of childhood leukemia Respiratory disorders

Treatments Currently no treatments for Down syndrome because it is a problem with the chromosomes Treatment works on controlling symptoms and any medical problems that occur from the defect Regular checkups and screening Medications for any medical problems that might arise Surgery Counseling and support

Helping a Child with Down Syndrome Contact the National Down Syndrome Society about support groups Create a strong bond between you and the child Enroll the child in Early Intervention Services to help with movement and speech therapy To help with delayed speech development, teach the child sign language so that the child can communicate

Additional Resources National Down Syndrome Society http://www.ndss.org/ National Association for Down Syndrome www.nads.org/ Mile High Down Syndrome Association www.mhdsa.org

Works Sited http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/down_syndrome.html# http://www.downs-syndrome.org.uk/component/content/article/38- health/190-6-how-does-downs-syndrome-affect-development.html http://down-syndrome.emedtv.com/down-syndrome/causes-of-down- syndrome-p2.html http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome http://downsyndrome.com/down-syndrome-information/down-syndrome- education/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001992/ http://knol.google.com/k/-/- /BUxWT11X/wnmpHw/Trisomy%2021%20highlighted.tif http://10ka.edublogs.org/files/2008/08/chromosome2.jpg http://www.mychildwithoutlimits.org/images/1/Understand/Understand___Gi rl_with_Down_Syndrome.jpg http://www.palmbeachpost.com/multimedia/dynamic/00572/AmyKnowlton_5 72126e.jpg

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