KNR 242

NASPE Has the skills necessary to perform a variety of physical activities. Is physically fit. Participates regularly in physical activity. Knows the implications and benefits of involvement in physical activity. Values physical activity and its contributions to a healthy lifestyle.

Focus shift from product to process Fitness score factors Fitness testing should be used for educational purposes not grading

Biological Psychological Social and economic

Growth Spurts: girls at age 9-12, boys at age Height: 98% of adult height achieved by - girls at age 16, final growth by age 18 boys at age 18, final growth by age Weight Gain During Teens: girls ~35lbs., boys ~45 lbs. Overweight vs. Overfat Muscle Fiber Differentiation

Rapid swings in metabolism Increased height and weight Lack of coordination Sexual gender characteristics occur Hormonal changes leading to mood swings Wide range of physical development Some may still experience rapid growth spurts Boys gain more muscle than fat; girls gain more fat than muscle High potential for increasing muscular strength and endurance Bones are still growing Loss of flexibility Middle SchoolHigh School

Maturation: Aerobic Capacity: Strength:

Capable of abstract thought Beginning to question and understand complex cause and effect relationships Curious Unlikely to be interested unless material is personally relevant Reaching adult cognitive abilities Increase in ability to use language Increased memory Increased interest and capacity to understand abstract thinking and problem solving Middle SchoolHigh School

Physical education vs. Academic achievement?

Seeking independence from adults Can show both maturity and immaturity Very group oriented Moody, sensitive Self-conscious Views their problems as unique Interested in opposite gender Begin to break reliance on peer groups Explore relationships with opposite gender Can be expected to display appropriate social behavior Middle School High School

Physical Education Dropouts Reinforcement of early maturing students

Fitts & Posner, 1967 Cognitive Stage Motor Stage Autonomous Stage Development is content specific

Importance of individualized instruction. Wide age range within a grade. Motor ability factors affect success. Importance of a varied curriculum.

Exercise as punishment Choosing teams Elimination games Fitness testing by putting individuals in the spotlight Grading policies