Second Trimester Ardelle, Brianna, Danielle, Logan, Melissa, Sarah, and Stefani

Week Arms Have reached birth length Neck has become more defined Red Blood Cells appear in spleen Gender distinguishable Skeleton is developing bone structures Scalp hair pattern is forming Fetal movement recognized Fetal heartbeat head through amplification Baby can suck, swallow, and make breathing movements Closure of nasal septum and palate

Weeks Fat storage develops Baby can hear and respond to noise If female, vagina and uterus begin to form Fingernails and toenails form Movements become increasingly vigorous Fine hair covers entire body Eyebrows form Fetal heartbeat between bpm

Weeks Eyes begin to open Creamy substance(vernix) covers the skin Skin is wrinkled and fetus appears very thin Placenta and umbilical cord are now fully developed and continue to increase in size More than a pint of amniotic fluid is present 50% chance of survival if born at this point although half of children born at this time will have permanent problems

Weeks Spine begins to form, including 33 vertebrae Alveoli are developing Nostrils opening Mother’s Uterus is about the size of a volleyball Fat is being added to bones Nerve Pathways in ears continue to develop Retina has developed normal layers Eyebrows, Eyelashes, and Hair are growing Eyelids are open and eyes are completely formed Fetus is becoming plumper and rounder Lungs are capable of breathing air Child can recognize familiar voices

Timeline of Development Week 14Week 28 Gender Distinguishable Foetal Heartbeat Heard through Amplification Breathing Movements Fine hairs cover body Child can hear and respond to sound Eyes Open 50% chance of survival if born at this point although half of children born at this time will have permanent problems Spine forms Child can recognize familiar voices

The Mother During the Second Trimester Nasal Congestion Increased vaginal secretions Increased sweating Slight shortness of breath Heartburn Swollen Gums Abdominal Aches Leg and Foot cramps Stretch marks Constipation Head and Back Aches] By the end of 28 weeks the mother has gained approximately 24 pounds

Tertaogens (Nicotine) Nicotine and Smoking Nicotine can result in an increased heart rate Nicotine diminishes the baby’s source of nutrients due to the augmented blood pressure and blood vessel constriction Cigarette smoking can augment the threat of a diverse range of complications related to pregnancy such as premature rupture of membranes which can lead to premature birth. Pregnant women who give up smoking during the second trimester of pregnancy diminish the possibilities of developing complications like placenta previa going into pre-term labor and even stillbirth. If a pregnant woman is unsuccessful in her attempt to quit smoking in the first trimester, she should try to reduce the number of cigarettes she smokes. This can immensely help her baby. Smoking can cause lowered birth weight and smaller head diameter when the child is born

Teratogens (Caffeine) Spontaneous Abortions Fetal Growth Retardation Low Birth Weight Developing Fetus cannot break down caffeine, this causes it to be stored in its blood for long periods of time at high levels Known to increase heartrate Affects the nutrition received from mother as the child can’t absorb iron or calcium both needed for proper growth