The Immune System By: Claire Siefkes, Brenda Gomez, Makenna Palmer, Skyler Humbyrd

What is it? ●The immune system- the body’s defense against infectious organisms ●Many biological structures that protect against disease ●Made up of non-specialised defenses ●Also made of specialised defenses ●White blood cells are also knowns as leukocytes -Found in thymus spleen and bone marrow -There are two types * Phagocytes * Lymphocytes

Parts of the Immune System ●Divided into two parts -Innate system *First way of protection is your skin *Then there’s your nose and mouth -lined with mucous membranes *Fluids are produced in your body *Saliva is produced in your mouth

Parts of the Immune System -Immunity * second line of defense - white blood cells -chemicals released by your body *activation of lymphocytes

How the Immune System Works ● White blood cells travel in bloodstream -Caused by bacteria viruses -neutrophils engulf bacteria destroy with special chemicals -eosinophils and monocytes work swallowing foreign particles ●Basophils help inflammation -inflammation is part of body’s immune response -damage to tissues releases chemicals into body - these chemicals cause blood vessels to leak -attract neutrophils and monocytes to protect against bacterial infection

How the Immune system works ● Lymphocytes have different functions - Attack viruses - Make antibodies destroy bacteria ● Lymphocytes divided into T and B cells - Bone marrow tissue - Contain stem cells create T and B cells - B cells mature in bone marrow - T cells mature in thymus - Responsible for developing immunity to bacteria ● B cells produce antibodies - Identify a molecule as being foreign - T cells attack invading organisms

Diseases-Type 1 Diabetes What is Diabetes? ●The body no longer produces insulin ○ Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar to enter cells ●The body attacks and destroys the cells where insulin is made ●Causes elevated levels of sugar in blood Symptoms: ●Increased thirst, extreme hunger, unintended weight loss, mood changes, and blurred vision Treatments: ●Taking insulin, frequent blood sugar monitoring, eating healthy, and exercising regularly.

Diseases-HIV What is HIV? ●HIV infects cells of the immune system ●Attacks and destroys the T-Cells ○ Which are crucial to the immune system and response ●HIV duplicates and kills the good T-Cells ●The lower the T-Cell amounts go, the less able you are to fight infection ○ Soon HIV turns into AIDS Symptoms: ●Fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes (commonly the first sign of HIV), weight loss, shortness of breath Treatments: ●NNRTIs, NRTIs, PIs, Entry inhibitors

Weakening your immune system ●Youre short of sleep ●You don't exercise ●Always stressed ●diet ●loneliness

Interesting facts about your immune system ●Getting under 5 hours a sleep a night has been shown to depress immune function ●Too much sun can distress the immune system ●As you age your body’s immune system gets stronger ●At least once a day your immune system destroys a cell that would have become cancer ●Fevers and inflammation are good things when you're sick

Sources ● (slide 2) ● (slide 3) ● (slide 4) ● (slide 4) ● (slide 4) ● (slide 4) ● ffectthebody.aspx (slide 5) ffectthebody.aspx ● (slide 5) ● (slide 5) ●Biology Textbook