Modal Verbs.

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Modal Verbs

What are modal verbs? They are: Can Could May Might Must Shall Should Will Would They are Auxiliary verbs that provide additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence

How do we use modals? Example: Mary could play the piano S V M Subject Verb M

Form He can ski He cans ski or He can skis Would you like to come with me? Do you would like to come with me? They can’t be serious They don’t can be serious There is no “s” in singular There is no “do / does” in the question There is no “don’t / doesn’t” in the negative

Form Modal verbs do not have infinitives or –ing forms to can / caning to must /musting She must study We should have gone the other way He could play football in his youth (general ability) Modal verbs do not have infinitives or –ing forms Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to

Form Occurs before the main verb the form is the same for all persons Add NOT to the negative Start the question with the modal No infinitive

What do they express? Modal Concept Examples Will Future Joe will travel to NY next week Might Small probability I might move to Canada some day Should Advice You should go to the doctor Must Strong obligation Strong suggestion Everyone must pay taxes

What do they express? Modal Concept Examples Shall Educated expression Offer Shall I clean it? Would (1) Past (used to) When I was young, I would play soccer Would (2) Present unreal I would buy the car but I can’t afford it

What do they express? Modal Concept Examples Could (1) Unreal Ability I could go if I had time Could (2) Past Ability She could play the piano, not anymore Can (1) Present Ability We can speak English Can (2) Permission Can I have a sweet?

What do they express? Ability: can, could Permission: obligation\ advice: must, shall, should Offers: shall, would Possibility: Might, Could, Must

Practise 1- Children ________ stay away from fire. a. Ought to b. must c. would d. mustn’t 2- You _________ talk during tests. It’s forbidden! a. don’t have to b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. might 3- They ________ hear him because he was whispering. a. Wouldn’t b. mustn’t c. shouldn’t d. couldn’t

Practise 4- __________ you like to have dinner with me tonight? a. Could b. may c. should d. would 5- You _________ let him hear about the party tomorrow. It’s a surprise! a. mustn’t b. wouldn’t c. couldn’t d. can 6- I think your leg is broken. You ___ go to the emergency room. a. Might b. could c. must d. can

More practise Re-write the following sentences using modals so that they have the same meaning. 1- I suggest that you sleep early! You ___________________________________________ 2- Eating is forbidden in class! 3- Look at sky! it’s cloudy. It ____________________________________________ should sleep early mustn’t eat in class might rain

Use your imagination Think about these situations and create a sentence using modals. We are going to Paris for a weekend. (Make suggestions about things to do) We start exams in January . (Talk about necessity) Your friend has got a headache. (Give him some advice) You want to borrow your elder brother’s laptop. (Ask for permission politely)