CRCT Review Book CLEAR YOUR DESK EXCEPT FOR A PENCIL OR PEN

Latin America and the Caribbean

The student will discuss Environmental Issues in Latin America ► Mexico City – air pollution is bad b/c of factories and cars, they live in a bowl- shaped crater, Ideas to fix are to not drive some days ► Brazil – destruction of the rainforest (deforestation)– caused by road building, logging, mining ► Venezuela – oil drilling causes pollution – but its 50% of their economy

The student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources on Latin America and the Caribbean ► Mexico sends 80% of its exports to U.S. – most people live in cities, rich in natural resources ► Venezuela gets most food from U.S. – most people live along the coast – oil is most important natural resource ► Brazil – most people live along the coast in cities, rich farmland ► Cuba – most people live in cities and towns – don’t trade with U.S.

The student will describe the cultural characteristics of people who live in Latin America and the Caribbean ► Spain and Portuguese conquered so most people speak Spanish and Portuguese. -meztizos = Spanish and Indian -mullattos = Spanish and blacks -most people are catholic because that’s what Spanish and Portuguese are. ► Higher literacy rate = higher GDP = higher standard of living

The student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution in Canada ► About 75% of people live in cities in southern Canada. Within 100 miles of the U.S/Canada border. ► Most imports and exports are with U.S.

The student will discuss environmental issues in Canada ► Environmental issues in Canada = Acid rain from factories into Great Lakes, also waste from industries

The student will compare and contrast various forms of government ► Unitary= central has power over regional ► Confederation = regional has power over central ► Federal = share power btw central and regional ► Autocratic = one ruler ► oligarchy = small group ► Democratic = people vote  Parliamentary = people vote for parliament  Presidential = people vote for president and parliament

The student will explain the structures of national governments in Latin America and the Caribbean ► Brazil = federal presidential democracy  – required to vote, average level of freedom ► Mexico = federal presidential democracy  18+ choose to vote  president has 1, 6 year term ► Cuba – unitary, autocratic dictatorship  One political party, little freedom

The student will explain the structure of the national government of Canada ► Canada  Constitutional monarchy  Federal Parliamentary Democracy

The student will analyze different economic systems ► Traditional- customs and habits of the past ► Command – government makes decisions ► Market – citizens make decisions ► All countries are mixed on a continuum ► Canada – market -> mixed ► Brazil – Market -> mixed ► Cuba – Command

The student will give examples of how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Canada ► Specialization – each country picks a few products to get good at and make money off of ► Tariffs – tax ► Quota = restriction on number ► Embargo = no trade ► NAFTA – free trade agreement btw US, Canada, Mexico ► We have to exchange currencies b/c we all have different money

The student will describe the factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Latin America ► More education, training, healthcare = higher GDP ► Better factories and machinery = higher GDP ► More useful natural resources = better economy ► Entrepreneurs = businesses = jobs = money made – money spent = higher GDP

The student will explain personal money management choices in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing ► Don’t spend money you don’t have. ► If you want something, save for it. ► Investing means you make money off of what you put in

The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America ► Aztecs –Cortes conquered, Tenochtitlan was capital, Montezuma was leader ► Inca’s – Pizarro Conquered – took Atahualpa capture, guns played large role ► Columbian Exchange – movement of things from America to Europe, Europe to America  Indigenous people died, both got more food, horse helped indigenous people

The student will explain the development of Latin America and the Caribbean from European colonies to independent nations ► African Slavery meant countries got rich - now make up large part of population ► Portuguese and Spanish are most widely spoken language and religion is catholic ► Toussaint freed Haiti ► Bolivar helped free all of South America ► Hidalgo inspired Mexico’s independence movement

The student will analyze important 20 th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean ► Cuban revolution changed Cuba to communist and made U.S. cut ties with Cuba ► Zapatista movement meant they had representation in the government

The student will describe the impact of European contact on Canada ► French and English settled = languages in Canada are French and English ► Parliament in Britain created the Dominion of Canada and other provinces joined ► Canada was independent by 1931

The student will analyze contemporary issues in Canada ► Quebec wants to be independent because they identify with French  Speak French, are Catholic

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QUIZ

Europe

The student will discuss environmental issues in Europe ► Germany – acid rain, destroys forests and eats away at buildings. Strict laws to stop pollution ► UK – air pollution from factories and cars, causes smog ► Ukraine- nuclear disaster at Chernobyl contaminated farmland, caused cancer

The student will explain the impact of location, climate, natural resources, and population distribution in Europe ► Britain – most people live in urban areas, mild climate ► Russia – most people live in west, very cold, lots of resources ► Germany – moderate climate, strongest economy, most people live in cities ► Italy – moderate climate, few natural resources, most people live in the north

The student will describe the cultural characteristics of Europe ► Germanic – German and English ► Romance – based on Latin, Italian, French, Spanish ► Slavic- Russian ► Judaism – first monotheistic religion, Torah ► Christianity – based on teachings of Jesus ► Islam – fastest growing religion, Allah is God, Muhammad is Prophet ► High literacy rates throughout Europe

The student will compare and contrast various forms of government ► Unitary= central has power over regional ► Confederation = regional has power over central ► Federal = share power btw central and regional ► Autocratic = one ruler ► oligarchy = small group ► Democratic = people vote  Parliamentary = people vote for parliament  Presidential = people vote for president and parliament

The student will explain the structure of modern European governments ► Germany – Federal Parliamentary democracy, Chancellor is most powerful, Bundestag and Bundesrat ► Russia – federal presidential democracy  Federation Council, State Duma ► United Kingdom – unitary parliamentary democracy, House of Commons and House of Lords ► European Union – create peaceful environment in Europe, free trade among countries, one currency called the Euro.

The student will analyze different economic systems ► Traditional- customs and habits of the past ► Command – government makes decisions ► Market – citizens make decisions ► All countries are mixed on a continuum ► United Kingdom – market -> mixed ► Germany –mixed ► Russia – mixed -> market

The student will analyze the benefits of trade barriers to voluntary trade in Europe ► Specialization – each country picks a few products to get good at and make money off of ► Tariffs – tax ► Quota = restriction on number ► Embargo = no trade ► We have to exchange currencies b/c we all have different money

The student will describe the factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Europe ► More education, training, healthcare = higher GDP ► Better factories and machinery = higher GDP ► More useful natural resources = better economy ► Entrepreneurs = businesses = jobs = money made – money spent = higher GDP

The student will analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various world regions ► Reasons to explore = spice trade, renaissance, new land, God, gold, glory ► Prince Henry was one of first explorer ► Spanish -Caribbean, middle and south America ► British – Caribbean, North America, India ► France – Canada, Louisiana, islands in Caribbean, Africa ► Competition over building empires, nationalism, alliances, militarism caused WWI

The student will explain conflict and change in Europe in the 21 st century ► After WW1: ► Treaty of Versailles very harsh on Germany ► Russian Revolution made them communist ► Rise of Nazism – grew bc Germany was struggling so much ► WWII erupts – Holocaust = mass genocide of Jews ► Cold War after WWII – Berlin wall built by Soviet Union ► 1989 – Berlin wall torn down, Germany reunified ► Soviet Union collapses

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QUIZ

Australia

The student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources and population distribution on Australia ► Desert covers 2/3 of island ► Climate is temperate ► Many natural resources ► Most live along the coast in cities

The student will describe the cultural characteristics of people who live in Australia ► British settled – speak English and are Christian ► High literacy rate = high GDP = high standard of living

The student will compare and contrast various forms of government ► Unitary= central has power over regional ► Confederation = regional has power over central ► Federal = share power btw central and regional ► Autocratic = one ruler ► oligarchy = small group ► Democratic = people vote  Parliamentary = people vote for parliament  Presidential = people vote for president and parliament

The student will explain the structure of the national government of Australia ► Australia = Federal parliamentary democracy ► Required to vote at 18+

The student will analyze different economic systems ► Traditional- customs and habits of the past ► Command – government makes decisions ► Market – citizens make decisions ► All countries are mixed on a continuum ► Australia has the freest economy in the world = market

The student will give examples of how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in Australia ► Specialization – each country picks a few products to get good at and make money off of ► Tariffs – tax ► Quota = restriction on number ► Embargo = no trade ► We have to exchange currencies b/c we all have different money

The student will describe the factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Australia ► More education, training, healthcare = higher GDP ► Better factories and machinery = higher GDP ► More useful natural resources = better economy ► Entrepreneurs = businesses = jobs = money made – money spent = higher GDP

The student will describe the culture and development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans ► Aborigines are one of oldest civilizations in world ► Relied on the land ► Dreamtime = religion

The student will explain the impact of European Exploration and colonization had on Australia ► Britain settled and created Penal colony  Relieve overcrowded jails  Used prisoners to build colony ► Diseases and war killed many Aborigines because of mistreatment

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QUIZ