1. P HYSICAL G EOGRAPHY (MCC, SA), A MAZON R AINFOREST 1.What are three key features of the Amazon River? It contains 20% of the world’s fresh water. It is an important trade route into inland South America. It creates fertile land when it floods. 2. What two countries are landlocked? Bolivia and Paraguay 3. What country is currently the leading producer of coffee? Brazil

2. P HYSICAL G EOGRAPHY (MCC, SA), A MAZON R AINFOREST 4. What is Venezuela’s most important natural resource?  Oil 5. What three things affect where people live and work?  Location, climate and natural resources 6. Why is air pollution a major issue in Mexico City?  Sierra Madre Mountains block the pollution from leaving the Plateau of Mexico  Overpopulation and industrialization have increased the amount of pollution produced  The wind patterns are not strong enough to push the pollution away from Mexico City

3. P HYSICAL G EOGRAPHY (MCC, SA), A MAZON R AINFOREST 7. What is a leading cause of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest? Cattle ranching 8. What are three major problems related to oil in Venezuela? Deforestation, Oil spills, Air pollution 9. Where do most people choose to live in Cuba, Brazil and Venezuela? Urban Areas 10. What is Mexico City’s major environmental problem? Acid Rain/Air pollution

4. C OLONIZATION AND I NDEPENDENCE 11. How is Spain’s influence still seen in the countries once colonized by Spain?  Most of the people in these countries are Roman Catholic  Most of the people speak Spanish 12. What were three major areas that were impacted by the Columbian Exchange?  Decline of Indigenous populations  Introduction of new crops to Europe and the Americas  Introduction of the horse to Latin America

5. C OLONIZATION AND I NDEPENDENCE 13. Why were the African slaves utilized in the Latin American colonies? Work on plantations in the colonies – replace the native slaves after they died 14. What are two key facts concerning Miguel Hidalgo? He was the Father of Mexican Independence and a Criollo priest 15. Haiti was the first Latin American country to accomplish what two things? It had a successful slave revolt and gained Independence in Latin America

6. C OLONIZATION AND I NDEPENDENCE 16.Which colonial power controlled Haiti prior to its independence? France 17. Which is the only Latin American colony that gained independence without a fight? Brazil 18. What were three major facts describing Simon Bolivar?  George Washington of South America  Venezuelan criollo who fought for independence  Bolivia was named after him 

7. C OLONIZATION AND I NDEPENDENCE 19. Latin America is ethnically diverse because of a blending of which ethnic groups?  Indigenous Americans, Europeans, and Africans 20. Which group of individuals was primarily responsible for leading the independence movements in Latin America?  Criollos

8. A ZTEC, I NCA 21. Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire?  Hernando Cortes 22. Who was the Inca emperor when the Spanish arrived?  Atahualpa 23. Who was the Aztec emperor when the Spanish arrived?  Montezuma

9. A ZTEC, I NCA 24. What system did the Inca utilize in order to farm in the Andes Mountains?  Terraces 25. Where were the Aztec and Inca empires located?  Aztec – Mexico  Inca – South America

10. A ZTEC, I NCA 26. In the 1500’s, the Incan civilization was conquered by Spanish soldiers were led by whom?  Francisco Pizarro 27. Why were the Aztec and Inca empires so easily conquered by the Spanish conquistadores?  European Diseases  Horses  Advanced Weapons

11. C UBAN R EVOLUTION, Z APATISTAS 28. Who were the two key individuals associated with the Cuban Revolution?  Castro and Batista 29. What was a lasting impact of the Cuban Revolution?  Less political freedom for Cubans 30. Which country helped Cuba develop as a communist country after the Cuban Revolution?  Soviet Union

12. C UBAN R EVOLUTION, Z APATISTAS 31. Describe the location, purpose and concerns of the Zapatistas.  Based in the Chiapas region of Mexico  Desired more economic rights for the poor  Felt NAFTA would force poor Mexican farmers out of business 32. What were the 3 political reforms that resulted from the Zapatista movement?  Improvements in housing and education  Fair division of land  Representation in the national legislature

13. E CONOMICS 33. Who are the members of NAFTA?  US, Canada, and Mexico 34. What was the primary purpose in the creation of NAFTA?  Increase trade between the member countries by creating a large free-trade zone 35. What type of economy is typical in a communist country?  Command -- they have less political freedom

14. E CONOMICS 36. In a mixed economy, how are prices and wages determined?  Supply and demand as well as individual business owners 37. When would each of the following types of trade barriers be used?  Tariff – protect domestic products by issuing a tax on imported goods  Quota – to limit the number of imports to protect domestic industry  Embargo – stops all trade typically for political reasons – usually during a time of war

15. E CONOMICS 38. What is specialization?  Where a factory focuses on producing one or two goods and leaves the rest for another factory 39. What is the advantage of specialization?  A factory can produce more goods in less time and for less money 40. Why is the role of an entrepreneur difficult?  Have to take additional risks and the business might fail

16. E CONOMICS 41. What are the four categories when discussing the factors of production?  Land, Labor, Capital, Entrepreneurs 42. How does a country’s literacy rate impact its gross domestic product?  The higher the literacy rate the greater the GDP

17. G OVERNMENT 43. What is the difference between a presidential and parliamentary system of government?  Presidential – executive branch is separate from the legislature, system of checks and balances  Parliamentary – prime minister is chosen from the legislature, PM is not directly elected by the voters 44. How are the voting rights of individual citizens impacted in a dictatorship?  Rights are limited and controlled by the government

18. G OVERNMENT 45. Explain the main idea behind a federal system of government. (Federation)  A union of self-governing states which are joined together by a central government 46. One way that Mexico’s government is different from the U.S. government is that...  President can only serve one 6-year term in office 47. One way that Brazil’s government is different from the U.S. government is that it...  Requires citizens 18-70 years old to vote