Greatest Threats to Survival Nuclear War Uncontrollable Virus/Disease Inability to Sustain a Healthy Environment Integrity of Society’s Institutions

Leadership Falsehoods Leadership is Common Sense Determinism: –Leaders are Born –Leaders are Charismatic –Leadership Cannot Be Learned Mechanization –Leadership is Skill-Based –Leadership takes Training Authoritarianism/Materialism –Leadership Requires Possessions Position or Wealth

Leadership Theories: History 20’s control & centralization 30’s: away from control toward group influence 40’s: more group theory 50’s: Behaviorist theory was added 60’s: Behavior that influences people toward shared goals 70’s: Transactional view of leadership, behaviorist 80’s: Recast as “great person” theory

Some Definitions: Leadership is… Driving change and growth (a popular belief) An influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes (Rost) Deliberately causing people-driven actions, in a planned fashion, for the purpose of accomplishing the leader’s agenda (Crosby) About making sense together of the unknown (Weick) About making meaning in a community of practice (Droth & Palus) The illusory social construct that we use to describe the process of accomplishment experienced through emergence (Woolf) The process of maximizing the capability of people to fulfill purpose through the development of character (Jacobs) Committed to vision, reality, ethics and courage (Koestenbaum) To help people to face reality and to mobilize them to make change (Heifetz) Inventing a new reality and creating new possibilities (Senge) Contributing to progress by attending to that which limits and stifles the realization of potential (a new thought)

“Three Skills for Today’s Leaders” Learn to Be Comfortable with Ambiguity –rapidly changing markets –uncertain future Learn to Be Comfortable with Complexity –organizations are non-linear networks –holism vs reductionism Learn to Be Comfortable with Groups of People –authority not concentrated –organization is a social system Source: Harvard Management Update, Nov ‘99 Vol. 4, No. 11

Some Qualities of Martin Luther King Adapt Message Learn from Experience Inclusionary in Vision Inspiring Utilized Principles Common to All Fair Risk Taker (Challenged “What Is”) Always in Search of Knowledge

Some Qualities of Eleanor Roosevelt Resourceful Risk Taker (Challenged “What Is”) Confident Adaptable Determined Willing to Learn Humble Consistent Sincere & Sensitive

Some Qualities of Alfred P. Sloan Creative & Innovative Risk Taker (Challenged “What Is”) Inspirational Learned from Others & Led by Example “In Touch” Help Others to Better Themselves (Mutual) Respect Inclusive Non-confrontational, Appropriate use of Power

Yukl’s Leadership Behaviors Task - Oriented Relations - Oriented Transformation - Oriented

Task - Oriented Organize Work for Efficiency Plan Clarify Role Expectations Facilitate Collection & Dissemination of Information Resolve Immediate Work Disrupting Problems

Relations - Oriented Listen Attentively to People Provide Support & Encouragement Socialize to Build Relationships Recognize Accomplishment & Contributions Coach & Mentor Consult w/ & Keep People Informed About Decisions that Affect Them

Transformation - Oriented Model Behavior that is Desired Encourage Different Perspectives Encourage & Facilitate Learning Foresee the Possibilities Take Risks, Experiement Develop a Critical Mass for Change