Warm-up: Written Assignment (Define & Explain) Define the principle of “federalism” and explain what it means in your own words. List the types of powers of our gov’t.

Power and the Constitution SSCG5: Explain how the United States Constitution grants and limits the authority of public officials and government agencies. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: What powers were given to the federal and state governments in the Constitution? What powers were denied How is the power of the government limited by the Constitution? What are examples of the expressed/enumerated, implied, reserved, and concurrent powers?

The Federal System Federalism Power is shared by national (or federal) government and the state Both levels of government (federal & state) have authority over the people at the same time People have to obey both federal and state laws In order to make this work, the Constitution divided power of the government into 3 types Enumerated/Expressed Powers Reserved Powers Concurrent Powers

Types of Powers Enumerated or Expressed Powers Reserved Powers Definition: the powers specifically granted to the national government (Congress) Reserved Powers Definition: powers that are not given to the national government are by the states Concurrent Powers Definition: powers shared by the national and state government

Examples of Federal and State Powers Enumerated Concurrent Reserved

The Supremacy Clause What happens if national and state laws contradict each other or conflict? Article VI: Constitution and laws/treaties made by the Nat'l gov’t “shall be the supreme Law of the Land Means national government cannot violate Constitution and state government cannot violate Constitution OR federal law

The Elastic Clause Implied Powers Definition: powers held by the national government (Congress) that are not stated explicitly in the Constitution Article I: Congress has the power to do whatever is “necessary and proper” in order to carry out the expressed powers Means Congress can stretch its powers to meet new needs (which is why it is called the elastic clause)

Limitations on Power Checks & Balances Prevents any one branch of government from becoming too powerful Supreme Court (Judicial Branch) can declare laws passed by Congress (Legislative Branch) unconstitutional President (Executive Branch) can veto bills passed by Congress (Legislative Branch) Congress (Legislative Branch) can override a veto if 2/3 of Senate and H.O.R. vote to do so

Powers Denied Article I Cannot interfere with slave trade prior to 1808 (this was a compromise at the Constitutional Convention). Cannot favor one state over another Cannot interfere with legal rights of individuals Cannot suspend writ of habeas corpus Requires that police bring people to court to explain why they are being held Cannot pass bills of attainder A type of law that punishes a person without a trial Cannot pass ex post facto laws A type of law that makes an act a crime after the fact

Powers Denied, cont. Cannot tax exports (this was a compromise at the Constitutional Convention) Cannot tax interstate commerce or show favoritism to any state (this was a problem under the Articles of Confederation) Cannot withdraw money from the Treasury except for appropriations Cannot give any titles of nobility

Public transportation Key Topic State Government The 10th amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that powers not given to the Federal government are reserved for the states Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea Main responsibility Public Education Conduct elections Main Idea Transportation Essential details Essential details Essential details Essential details Elementary schools Local Public health Build roads Secondary schools Maintain roads State Public safety State colleges Public transportation Public welfare National So What? (What’s important to understand about this?) Under the federal system of government the national government and state governments have some separate and some shared powers.

Key Topic Federalism The Constitution establishes a division of power between the national and state governments Main idea Main idea Main idea Nat’l gov’t powers State gov’t powers Shared powers Enumerated Powers Reserved powers Concurrent powers Powers expressed or implied Powers not given to the Nat'l gov’t are reserved for state governments Powers shared by Nat'l gov’t and state gov't Foreign policy- wars, treaties Public health Enforce laws Regulate Commerce-trade Public safety- police Establish courts Regulate currency- money Public welfare- education, elections Collect taxes So What? (What’s important to understand about this?) The Constitution denies or limits powers to both the national government and the state governments.