Part 4

Détente and Treaties Read p Make notes on the events for homework.

banning tests in the atmosphere, underwater, and in outer-space. Partial test ban treaty

Several countries are either not members of the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty designed to stop the spread of nuclear technology, or have withdrawn from it.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union-the Cold War superpowers—on the issue of armament control. There were two rounds of talks and agreements: SALT I and SALT II.

The Helsinki Accords seemed to provide both the West and the Soviet Union what each had been seeking. One of the major objectives of Soviet foreign policy from the end of World War II had been to obtain international recognition of the post-war borders, including the the Soviet annexation of the Baltic States. The West, on the other hand, had over the preceding years become concerned about Soviet human rights violations, including the suppression of dissidents and the right of Soviet Jews to emigrate. The Soviets claimed that those issues were internal issues. Under the Helsinki Accords, the Soviets received the recognition that they desired, while they in turn agreed to respect human rights, and acknowledge that the issue of human rights was an international concern.

The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979

Brezhnev

Reagan and Thatcher response In 1980, Ronald Reagan defeated Jimmy Carter in the US presidential election, vowing to increase military spending and confront the Soviets everywhere. [180] Both Reagan and new British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher denounced the Soviet Union and its ideology. Reagan labeled the Soviet Union an "evil empire" and predicted that Communism would be left on the "ash heap of history".

START (for Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is a treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. The treaty was signed by the United States and the USSR, that barred its signatories from deploying more than 6,000 nuclear warheads atop a total of 1,600 ICBMs, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and bombers. START negotiated the largest and most complex arms control treaty in history, and its final implementation in late 2001 resulted in the removal of about 80% of all strategic nuclear weapons then in existence.

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) is a 1987 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Signed in Washington, D.C. by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev on December 8, 1987, it was ratified by the United States Senate on May 27, 1988 and came into force on June 1 of that year. The treaty is formally titled The Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.

Concept Application Assignment Choose either the Korean War, Afghanistan war or the Vietnam war and research the relationship between the USA and Soviet Russia What were the key issues faced by the two superpowers that led to the event Did the event increase or decrease tension between the superpowers? What were the choices available to the superpowers during the course of the event? What were the decisions made during the course of the event? What were the consequences of the event? What does this event reveal about how ideological conflict affected international relations after the Second World war? Includes maps and images in your assignment.

Chile Pinochet led a coup d'état which put an end to Allende's democratically- elected government and, along with the Navy, Air Force and (the national police force), established a military dictatorship. In December 1974, the military junta appointed Pinochet as President. The new government also implemented economic reforms, including the privatization of several state-controlled industries and the rollback of many state welfare institutions. Handout: 14 characteristics of Fascism

The Iran Contra Affair The Iran–Contra affair was a political scandal in the United States which came to light in November 1986, during the Reagan administration, in which senior US figures agreed to facilitate the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo, to secure the release of hostages and to fund Nicaraguan contras. What would have been the ideological motivation behind Oliver North’s plan? p

Iran Contra Affair His ideological motivation was to stop the spread of communism and encourage right- wing (conservative, democratic) governments, albeit through illegal activities. contra-affair-video.htm secret-warriors-iran-contra-affair-video.htm

Concept Review Cold War Policies deterrence expansionism containmentDétente and treaties Proxy wars examplesMAD French dissuasion Cuban Missile Crisis Yalta Conference Marshall Plan Molotov Plan Iron Curtain Cuban Missile Crisis Truman Doctrine Division of Berlin NATO Warsaw Pact Cuban Missile Crisis Creation of the hotline Nuclear-Non Proliferation SALT 1 Helsinki Accords INF Treaty Countries involved in proxy wars besides the USA & USSR Afghanistan Iran Korea Vietnam Chile Nicaragua (Contras)